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排序方式: 共有196条查询结果,搜索用时 9 毫秒
91.
近年来有关研究发现了追求积极情绪可能给个体带来消极后果, 即个体越追求积极情绪, 他们很可能越体验不到幸福, 并称之为“追求积极情绪的悖论”。当个体把追求积极情绪作为目标时, 可能会(1)为个人的快乐设定过高的标准; (2)通过不恰当的活动去获得快乐; (3)监控获得快乐的过程, 妨碍了沉浸体验。这三个心理过程导致了“追求积极情绪的悖论”。未来的研究应该进一步关注:(1)全面揭示追求积极情绪的后果; (2)揭示追求积极情绪导致消极后果的生理神经机制; (3)追求积极情绪的跨文化研究; (4)探索正确追求积极情绪的方式。 相似文献
92.
中医对于疾病的认识带有厚重的价值论色彩,昭示了强烈的主体尺度的特色。在辨证论治方面,它强调主体对于输出信息的价值判断,而非事实性认识;辨证论治标准的非客观化、非量化,会使不同主体在直觉体悟下产生不同的辨证结果,因而也就会产生不同的论治方法;中药饮片和中成药质量的现状也使中医经验的拷贝效果往往难以得到预想的重复。中医疗效表现出复杂的确定性与不确定性的矛盾。 相似文献
93.
作为医学伦理学研究的重要内容,生物医学研究中的利益冲突问题日益受到公众、研究机构和管理部门的关注。探讨生物医学活动中研究者、研究机构、学术期刊三种不同主体利益冲突的表现、危害及其特点,以期有针对性地促进人们对该领域利益冲突问题的认识。 相似文献
94.
Erick Jose Ramirez 《Philosophical Psychology》2019,32(2):211-233
We argue that moral judgment studies currently conducted utilizing virtual reality (VR) devices must confront a dilemma as a result of how virtual environments are designed and how those environments are experienced. We first begin by describing the contexts present in paradigmatic cases of naturalistic moral judgments. We then compare these contexts to current traditional (vignette-based) and VR-based moral judgment research. We show that, contra to paradigmatic cases, vignette-based and VR-based moral judgment research often fails to accurately model the situational features of paradigmatic moral judgments. In particular, we compare and contrast six recent VR studies to support our view that only simulations high in context-realism and perspectival-fidelity can produce “virtually-real experiences.” After analyzing the constituents of a virtually-real experience, we go on to propose guidelines for the creation of VR studies. These guidelines serve two purposes. First, we aim to increase the ecological validity of such studies to advance our understanding of moral judgments. Second, we believe that such guidelines should inform how Institutional Review Boards assess VR research. We show that our guidelines are urgently needed, given the current lax review standards in place. 相似文献
95.
96.
Hiroto Okouchi 《The Japanese psychological research》2002,44(4):234-240
Abstract: Six undergraduates were exposed to a fixed‐ratio schedule with an instruction to respond slowly and to a differential‐reinforcement‐of‐low‐rate schedule with an instruction to respond rapidly when a white circle was presented on a display monitor. When a yellow circle was presented, however, the subjects were exposed to the fixed‐ratio schedule with the instruction to respond rapidly and to the differential‐reinforcement‐of‐low‐rate schedule with the instruction to respond slowly. Following this, a fixed‐interval schedule was in effect during those stimuli and instructions. Under the white circle, response rates were higher with the instruction to respond slowly than with the instruction to respond rapidly during the fixed‐interval schedule. Such control by instructions was not observed under the yellow circle. A previous study examined establishment of novel instructional control by between‐subject comparisons and found that for three of four subjects ( Okouchi, 1999 ). In contrast, the present results demonstrate the instructional control through within‐subject comparisons for all six subjects. 相似文献
97.
This study investigated the relationship between supervisor job experience and ratings of the importance of eight skill components for performing subordinates' jobs. When examining these correlations, statistical control was utilized to ensure that supervisor and subordinate characteristics confounded with supervisor job experience were not affecting hypothesized relationships. As predicted, there were statistically significant positive correlations between supervisor job experience and ratings on 6 of the 8 components. Also as predicted, controlling for the characteristics confounded with supervisor job experience made a substantial difference in results; 13 of the 16 correlations using statistical control significantly differed from correlations that did not. This illustrates that future research on SME characteristics should consider controlling variables confounded with the focal characteristic(s) under study in order to more thoroughly understand characteristic–rating relationships. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed and suggestions for future research are offered. 相似文献
98.
Packham DE 《Science and engineering ethics》2003,9(1):85-100
The likely impact of applying the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) to higher education are examined. GATS aims
to “open up” services to competition: no preference can be shown to national or government providers.
The consequences for teaching are likely to be that private companies, with degree-awarding powers, would be eligible for
the same subsidies as public providers. Appealing to the inadequate recently introduced “benchmark” statements as proof of
quality, they would provide a “bare bones” service at lower cost. Public subsidies would go: education being reduced to that
minimum which could be packaged in terms of verifiable “learning outcomes”. The loss of “higher” aspirations, such education
of critically-minded citizens of a democratic and civilised society would impoverish the university’s research culture which
demands honesty and openness to public scrutiny.
Most university research is substantially supported by public subsidy. Under GATS discipline, commercial providers of research
services could be entitled to similar public subsidies. Publicly funded fundamental research would fade, leaving university
research totally dependent for funds upon the good will of industry and commerce. Present problems, such as the suppression
of unwelcome results and the use of questionable results to manipulate public opinion, would considerably increase. The public
would lose a prime source of trustworthy knowledge, needed in political discourse, legal disputation, consumer protection
and in many other contexts. 相似文献
99.
本研究考察操作表征(operational representation)在被试操作效应中的调节作用。选取结构性/功能性操作表征短语各160个,分析再认判断中的脑电差异。结果表明,动作编码比语词编码诱发更显著的P1、N2pb和N400;在500~700ms时间窗,相比于语词编码,对结构性和功能性操作表征短语进行动作编码均可显著诱发了中央区更负的平均波幅;在700~900ms时间窗,仅对于结构性操作表征短语,动作编码比语词编码诱发了前额叶更正的平均波幅。研究为动作编码的语义反馈加工机制提供了数据支撑,也为动作信息再激活与动作表征观点的整合提供解释方向。 相似文献
100.
Błażej Skrzypulec 《Philosophical Psychology》2018,31(4):574-594
It is widely accepted within contemporary philosophy of perception that the content of visual states cannot be characterized simply as a list of represented features. This is because such characterization leads to the so-called ‘Many Properties’ problem, that is, it does not allow us to explain how the visual system is able to distinguish between scenes containing different arrangements of the same features. The usual solution to the Many Properties problem is to characterize some basic elements of content as subjects, to which features are attributed by a predication-like relation. In this paper, I reconsider this solution and claim that the Many Properties problem can be solved without postulating such subjects. What is more, I argue that an alternative approach has stronger justification given the empirical data concerning human vision. 相似文献