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841.
《Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations》2008,14(3):258-275
We studied recruiters’ representations of the structured interview. In Study 1, 90 recruiters were interviewed. They define “structure” mainly as a schema or list of questions. The terms “structured” and “unstructured” also have different connotations. This can create a social desirability bias in surveys on selection practices, causing an overestimation of the real prevalence of structured interviewing. In Study 2, 59 recruiters responded to a questionnaire. Attitudes towards structured interviews are positive, but representations diverge from scientific definitions, especially regarding unstructured interviews. Recruiters’ representations allow flexibility in practice while maintaining a positive self-image. 相似文献
842.
视觉标记:一种优先选择机制 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
视觉标记是与任务目标相关的自上而下的优先选择解释机制。视觉标记理论对preview效益——对后出现项目的视觉优先选择现象——提供了合理的解释:对先出现的项目自上而下的抑制提高了对后出现项目的优先选择等级。首先介绍视觉标记经典实验范式和preview效益,然后阐述研究者对视觉标记抑制机制的两种主要观点,进而介绍其他优先选择理论对preview效益的解释及其局限性,最后指出视觉标记研究中亟待解决的问题 相似文献
843.
We provide a short reply to [Grünwald, P., & Navarro, D. (2009). NML, Bayes and true distributions: A comment on Karabatsos and Walker. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, in press (doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2008.11.005)] comment on the article by [Karabatsos, G., & Walker, S. (2006). On the normalized maximum likelihood and Bayesian decision theory. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 50, 517-520]. 相似文献
844.
Tara Fenwick 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2009,28(2):101-118
While complexity science is gaining interest among educational theorists, its constructs do not speak to educational responsibility
or related core issues in education of power and ethics. Yet certain themes of complexity, as taken up in educational theory,
can help unsettle the more controlling and problematic discourses of educational responsibility such as the potential to limit
learning and subjectivity or to prescribe social justice. The purpose of this article is to critically examine complexity
science against notions of responsibility in terms of implications for education. First, themes of complexity science prominent
in contemporary educational writing are explained. Then dilemmas of responsibility in complexity are explored, such as what
forms and meanings responsibility can have in a ‘complexified’ perspective of education, how care for others is mobilised,
and how desire can be understood. Analyses of ethical action grounded in complexity science are then examined, as well as
theories of the ethical subject and participatory responsibility that are congruent with certain tenets of a complexity ontology.
Finally, the possibility of an educational vision of responsibility animated by complexity theories is considered, drawing
from related writings of Bai, Biesta, Derrida, Levinas and Varela. 相似文献
845.
Using research into learning from sequences of examples, we generate predictions about what cultural products become widely distributed in the social marketplace of ideas. We investigate what we term the Repetition-Break plot structure: the use of repetition among obviously similar items to establish a pattern, and then a final contrasting item that breaks with the pattern to generate surprise. Two corpus studies show that this structure arises in about a third of folktales and story jokes. An experiment shows that jokes with this structure are more interesting than those without the initial repetition. Thus, we document evidence for how a cognitive factor influences the cultural products that are selected in the marketplace of ideas. 相似文献
846.
Within the time-based resource-sharing (TBRS) model, we tested a new conception of the relationships between processing and storage in which the core mechanisms of working memory (WM) are time constrained. However, our previous studies were restricted to adults. The current study aimed at demonstrating that these mechanisms are present and functional before adulthood. For this purpose, we investigated the effect on maintenance of the duration of the attentional capture induced by processing. In two experiments using computer-paced WM span tasks, 10-year-olds were asked to maintain letters while performing spatial location judgments. The duration of this processing was manipulated by varying either the discriminability between target locations or the contrast between targets and background. In both experiments, longer processing times resulted in poorer recall, as we observed previously in adults. These findings suggest that the core mechanisms of WM described by the TBRS model are already settled during childhood. 相似文献
847.
Alex Levine 《Synthese》2009,166(3):593-600
Nineteenth and twentieth century philosophies of science have consistently failed to identify any rational basis for the compelling
character of scientific analogies. This failure is particularly worrisome in light of the fact that the development and diffusion
of certain scientific analogies, e.g. Darwin’s analogy between domestic breeds and naturally occurring species, constitute
paradigm cases of good science. It is argued that the interactivist model, through the notion of a partition epistemology, provides a way to understand the persuasive character of compelling scientific analogies without consigning them to an irrational
or arational context of discovery. 相似文献
848.
Jeffrey J. Walczyk Kevin T. Mahoney Dennis Doverspike Diana A. Griffith-Ross 《Journal of business and psychology》2009,24(1):33-49
Purpose The purpose of this study was to test a new cognitive lie detection method, time restricted integrity confirmation (Tri-Con),
which uses response time and inconsistencies across answers as cues to deception.
Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from two samples of students enrolled in psychology classes (n = 96 for Experiment 1, n = 99 for Experiment 2). The experimental task required students to lie or tell the truth to questions probing biodata under
time restriction. The foci of questions (such as Academics or Employment History) were chosen because of their relevance to
participants’ lives.
Findings Tri-Con was able to distinguish between truth tellers and liars after controlling for individual differences. In one experiment,
liar-truth teller classification accuracies reached 89%. Mean response times and answer consistency can be used to distinguish
those who lie from those who tell the truth.
Implications Research on cognitive-based lie detectors, such as Tri-Con, hold the potential for developing reliable and valid methods of
screening out employees likely to engage in misconduct and providing deceptive answers to screening questions. A cognitive
lie detector would constitute a paradigm shift away from the polygraph, and could be used in tandem with integrity tests.
Originality/value This study was a preliminary test of a cognitive lie detection method based on a model of cognitive events (the Activation-Decision-Construction
model) when people answer questions deceptively. It constitutes a step in translating laboratory-based cognitive research
into applied technologies for the real world detection of lying, including lying that occurs during pre-employment screening.
Received and reviewed by former editor, George Neuman. 相似文献
849.
850.
自然选择与肿瘤转移治疗新策略 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
微环境以自然选择的方式对肿瘤细胞亚群进行选择,使某些亚克隆更加倾向于向某些位置转移。微环境的自然选择是肿瘤转移的前提条件,始终贯穿于肿瘤发生发展的全过程,从自然选择的角度看肿瘤的转移,研究肿瘤转移需要的微环境,通过破坏转移前微环境,达到预防和治疗肿瘤转移的目的,将为肿瘤转移的治疗开创一条新路。 相似文献