等待是一种折磨？等待时间知觉及其导致的非理性决策行为

等待时间知觉是指人们在等待过程中对等待时长的主观感受和心理体验, 它对人们的决策行为产生影响。影响等待时间知觉的客观因素包括等待过程的填充物、等待时间的确定性、接受服务的阶段和等待的物理环境等; 主观因素有负性情绪、自我控制和人格因素等。等待时间知觉导致的非理性决策行为包括时间沉没成本效应、“延迟-提前”框架效应、峰-终效应、偏好反转等。未来研究可从三个方面开展：(1) 时间启动和金钱启动下等待时间知觉的差异; (2) 基于时间心理账户视角研究等待时间知觉规律; (3) 借鉴时间知觉理论探讨等待(时间)影响决策行为的心理机制。     

英文阅读材料的颜色对阅读成绩的影响

该文通过档案调查、实验和问卷调查的方法就大学英语六级考试中不同颜色文字对阅读成绩的影响进行了探索。在对北京大学和北京师范大学的2007年12月的5537份六级考试成绩档案的调查过程中,发现不同颜色试卷的阅读部分和总分成绩差异显著(蓝色低于黑色),但是这种差异并不大;选取26名被试进行实验的结果发现,题目难度和颜色之间存在边缘显著的交互作用,简单题目上蓝色比黑色成绩更低,但是这种差异在复杂题目上没有那么明显。进一步地,通过131份问卷调查数据得出,被试的阅读习惯为黑色,主观偏好也为黑色:这也是影响阅读成绩的主要因素。     

An Adaptive Algorithm for Pairwise Comparison‐based Preference Measurement

The Pairwise Comparison‐based Preference Measurement (PCPM) approach has been proposed for products featuring a large number of attributes. In the PCPM framework, a static two‐cyclic design is used to reduce the number of pairwise comparisons. However, adaptive questioning routines that maximize the information gained from pairwise comparisons promise to further increase the efficiency of this approach. This paper introduces a new adaptive algorithm for PCPM, which accounts for several response errors. The suggested approach is compared with an adaptive algorithm that was proposed for the Analytic Hierarchy Process as well as a random selection of pairwise comparisons. By means of Monte Carlo simulations, we quantify the extent to which the adaptive selection of pairwise comparisons increases the efficiency of the respective approach. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluating Turkish university students’ preferences for mental health therapists: A conjoint analysis approach

Due to fast-paced cultural and societal changes in Turkey, Turkish students now accrue both eastern and western cultural motives, which place Turkish students under stress. However, Turkish students have a stigma toward seeking mental health services. The current study aimed to use conjoint analysis to examine Turkish students’ preferences for mental health therapist variables regarding seeking help for adjustment problems to life in college. Students from two universities in Turkey were recruited on a volunteer basis to participate in this study (N = 235). The results indicated that the training institution, age, professional background, geographical region and gender significantly influence students’ formation of preferences for mental health therapists. The training institution had the most predominant effect on preferences. Implications for promoting help-seeking and mental health service utilization in Turkey are discussed.     

Subjectivity,Reflection and Freedom in Later Foucault

Abstract

This paper proposes a new reading of the interaction between subjectivity, reflection and freedom within Foucault’s later work. I begin by introducing three approaches to subjectivity, locating these in relation both to Foucault’s texts and to the recent literature. I suggest that Foucault himself operates within what I call the ‘entanglement approach’, and, as such, he faces a potentially serious challenge, a challenge forcefully articulated by Han. Using Kant’s treatment of reflection as a point of comparison, I argue that Foucault possesses the resources to meet this challenge. The key, I contend, is to distinguish two related theses about reflection and freedom: Foucault’s position is distinctive precisely because he accepts one of these theses whilst rejecting the other. I conclude by indicating how this reading might connect to the longstanding question of Foucault’s own right to appeal to normative standards.     

Pulling yourself together: Meditation promotes congruence between implicit and explicit self-esteem

Self-reported or explicit self-esteem frequently conflicts with indirectly assessed, implicit self-esteem. The present research investigated whether meditation may reduce such inner conflicts by promoting congruence between implicit and explicit self-esteem. Relative to control conditions, meditation led to greater congruence between explicit self-esteem, assessed via self-report, and implicit self-esteem, indicated by name-letter preference (Studies 1 and 2). Low implicit self-esteem was further associated with a slow-down of explicit self-evaluation (Study 2), an effect that mediated the greater congruence between implicit and explicit self-esteem in the meditation condition. These results suggest that meditation encourages people to rely more on intuitive feelings of self-worth.     

The susceptibility of mental accounting principles to evaluation mode effects

The present research shows that the predictions and outcomes of mental‐accounting tests depend on whether preferences are measured separately (one at a time) or jointly (comparatively). Across five studies, we show that joint evaluation weakens some decision biases (the theater ticket problem, the calculator and jacket problem), but exacerbates others (the basketball game problem). Joint evaluations serve as a check on whether people think the answers they give in separate evaluations make sense or require adjustment. We discuss how the findings impact (1) tests of mental accounting predictions (between vs. within subjects designs), and (2) the normative status of mental accounting. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

伏隔核和中脑腹侧被盖区内食欲素在吗啡奖赏中的作用

实验采用条件性位置偏爱（CPP）模型考察中脑腹侧被盖区（VTA）和伏隔核壳区（NAcSh）内食欲素（orexin）在吗啡奖赏中的作用。Wistar大鼠分为盐水训练组和吗啡训练组。3轮吗啡（或盐水）匹配训练前,双侧VTA或NAcSh内给予OXR1拮抗剂SB334867（VTA: 0, 1, 5μg;NAcSh: 0, 1, 3μg）;或2轮吗啡（或盐水）匹配训练前NAcSh内给予orexin A（0, 2, 4, 6μg）,观察其对吗啡CPP建立的影响。结果表明,VTA内给予SB334867抑制吗啡CPP建立,并存在剂量效应关系;NAcSh内给予SB334867或orexin A均未影响吗啡CPP建立,而orexin A可增加吗啡处理大鼠的运动性。以上结果表明,VTA和NAcSh内的orexin在吗啡奖赏中扮演的角色不同,可能调控成瘾行为的不同成分