Functional analysis and treatment of the delusional statements of a man with multiple disabilities: a four-year follow-up

Although delusional statements in people with intellectual disabilities and traumatic brain injury can be treated using behavioral interventions, none have demonstrated long‐term treatment effects. In the current study, a functional analysis demonstrated that delusional statements were maintained by attention. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior and extinction of delusional statements resulted in near elimination of delusional statements and an increase in nondelusional statements. Follow‐up at 6 months, 1, 2, and 4 years indicated that treatment gains were maintained with continued staff training.     

Re-appraising the Subject and the Social in Western Philosophy and in Contemporary Orthodox thought

The notion of a constitutive lack, which formed the ambivalent initial framework of Western metaphysics, marks the contemporary attempt to think anew the social and the subject. While metaphysics had difficulties to justify ontologically the event of sociality and was tempted to construct a closed subjectivity, post-metaphysical thought by contrast justifies often the sociality of a non-identity. The presuppositions of Orthodox-Christian theology allow us to think of subjectivity and sociality in terms of a different ontology, elaborating a new synthesis between anthropology and eschatology, within which the subject can emerge as radical sociality and natal receptivity, as free and true in its very relationality. The most profound and acute intellectual demands of our present time could then meet central notions of the Orthodox-Christian heritage and point at the perspective of a new historical encounter, which enriches both traditions by mutually engaging to each others fundamental experiences     

角膜屈光手术治疗的综合启示

角膜屈光手术是近年发展起来的治疗屈光不正的重要技术。已应用于临床,并取得了令人鼓舞的结果。尤其是准分子激光的实时扫描跟踪技术,并辅之眼前段成像系统与波前相差技术的一体化,极大提高了手术疗效。纵观其发展过程,认识到角膜屈光手术的发展是多学科联合发展的结果。     

我国中学语文和历史教学目标分类取向的研究

本研究采用文献研究法,查阅了2000年以来中学语文和历史教案共303篇,对教案中教学目标的相关信息作点计数据处理,并进行卡方检验,结果表明:⒈近几年来我国中学语文和历史教学绝大多数采用布卢姆的教育目标分类取向;⒉两者的教学目标侧重于认知领域;⒊两者在认知和情感领域的目标要求学生达到的水平偏低,在动作技能领域的目标要求学生达到的水平偏高;⒋中学历史教学目标中对动作技能领域的理解有偏差;⒌两者在认知和情感领域的教学目标陈述时用词单一或含糊,而动作技能领域教学目标的陈述较清晰。研究结果提示,提高广大一线教师有关教学目标的分类理论及科学地运用教学目标的陈述技术仍有很长的路要走。     

儿童能力自我知觉的影响因素概述

该文在综合大量实证研究成果的基础上,全面概括并细致分析了影响儿童能力自我知觉发展与表现的三方面主要因素,即1)主体因素,包括能力概念、认知发展水平、需要动机及相关经验等;2)教育环境;3)任务性质。     

论主客二分的心理学研究范式

本文考察了主客二分研究范式的内涵、发展脉络与历史地位。作者认为,主客二分研究范式张扬着心理学的自然科学定向,体现的是人作为自然物的形象,展示的是将人的心理、行为视作“现象”,试图以实证方法揭示人的心理、行为规律的“外观心理学”境界。它和主客同一研究范式均可在未来心理学中获得各自合理存在的空间。     

Working at the frontier and the use of the analyst: Reflections on analytic survival2

Certain connotations of ‘working at the frontier’ for the practicing psychoanalyst and for psychoanalysis are discussed in terms of movement along spatial and temporal dimensions. I then selectively highlight three currently significant frontier areas: moving between psychoanalysis and psychotherapy; psychoanalysis under conditions of terror and social traumatization; and the pursuit of the definitive as against the elusive subject. I suggest ‘the use of the analyst’ as the theme that underlies and epitomizes analytic presence and activity at these frontiers. Psychoanalysts are ‘used’ in innumerable ways, but especially by surviving the destructiveness‐deliberate and unconscious, real and symbolic‐aimed at them. The psychoanalytic presence at these frontiers fashions and reaffirms its unique, life‐embracing stance out of chaotic formlessness.     

应用心理学的学科性质——基于钱学森学科结构模型的分析

纯粹应用观和独立观是解释应用心理学学科性质的两个代表性理论。前者认为应用心理学仅是基础心理学知识和方法的直接应用;后者则认为应用心理学有独立的本质特征。钱学森学科结构模型赞同独立观,认为应用心理学有三个本质特征：1）研究旨趣面向心理工程技术中的重大问题,生产应用性理论;2）内容体系由社会需求决定,随着需求的变化而变化;3）研究方法的个人经验成分多于基础心理学,少于心理工程技术。在应用心理学建设中,1）要敏于实际需求;2）要大力发展、创立我国需要的应用心理学分支;3）要统一人才培养规制。     

Artificial Intelligence and the New Issue of Cognitive Subject

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) technology renders the issue of the cognitive subject in epistemology a prominent one. It challenges the epistemological consensus that humankind is the only cognitive subject. With the development from weak AI to strong AI, the significance of humankind being the cognitive subject will undergo new changes. At present, AI technology does not possess the cognitive ability that humans do. As a result, considering the existing AI technology, the issue related to the cognitive subject to which we must give more attention ultimately concerns the epistemological labor division between human and machine. This division of labor requires the foundation that the technical possibility is governed by the value orientation. From the value perspective of regarding human beings as the purpose, machine intelligence, and the direction and limit of the power that technology brings to cognitive subjects will be clarified. This will let the information technology do what it is meant to do, while people will always be able to reserve the subject status for themselves.     

“Some more” notes,toward a “third” sophistic

Historians of rhetoric refer to two Sophistics, one in the 5th century B.C. and another c. 2nd century A.D. Besides these two, there is a 3rd Sophistic, but it is not necessarily sequential. (The 3rd is counter to counting sequentially.) Whereas the representative Sophists of the 1st Sophistic is Protagoras, and the second, Aeschines, the representative sophists of the 3rd are Gorgias (as proto-Third) and Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean-François Lyotard, Michel Foucault, Jacques Lacan, and Paul de Man.To distinguish between and among Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, and then Protagoras, Gorgias, and Lacan, the author determines how far each of these personages can count. The model of counting, used semiotically across the topoi of possible/impossible, is that of the people of New Guinea: one thing, two things, many things. It is determined (generally) that the philosophers, including Aristotle, count to one; the Sophists to two; and Gorgias, Lacan, and Lyotard, et al. count to many things, thereby breaking up a monism or binarism. The ancient philosophers employ a substratum of probability to hold together the contraries of possible/impossible; the Sophists employ anti/logic, which keeps the contraries/antitheses separate and therefore without synthesis, but which eventually threatens the integrity of the substratum, or the law of non-contradiction; and Gorgias, Lacan, Lyotard et al. theorize about the impossibility/Resistance of the Logos (reason, logic, law, argumentation, history) to Theory/Totalization, because of the Gorgian Kairos and the Lacanian Real — both of which enter the Logos and break up the cycle of the antitheses and create something new, irrational (Untersteiner).This breaking up has a negative/positive influence on Protagoras's man-measure doctrine, which in turn has a similar influence on the problem of the ethical subject. The subject/agent not only no longer knows (by way of Logos) but also no longer acts (as independent agent); the subject becomes a function of Logos as determined by Kairos/Real; it moves from a hypotaxis/syntaxis of one and two to a radical parataxis/paralogy of some more.From the Impossibility/tragedy of knowledge, however, comes the Possible, or Possibilisms, which allows for the new (though divided) ethical subject to reclaim its position as individual. Such a reclamation of the subject, however, has a profound effect on argumentation, and especially the notion of consensus. What is wanted, then, in a Third Sophistic ethical — as opposed to a political — rhetoric is dissensus through radical parataxes and paralogies.