Test-Retest Reliability of the Spanish Version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-IV)

The test-retest reliability of the Spanish Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-IV) is presented. This version was developed in Puerto Rico in consultation with an international bilingual committee, sponsored by NIMH. The sample (N = 146) consisted of children recruited from outpatient mental health clinics and a drug residential treatment facility. Two different pairs of nonclinicians administered the DISC twice to the parent and child respondents. Results indicated fair to moderate agreement for parent reports on most diagnoses. Relatively similar agreement levels were observed for last month and last year time frames. Surprisingly, the inclusion of impairment as a criterion for diagnosis did not substantially change the pattern of results for specific disorders. Parents were more reliable when reporting on diagnoses of younger (4–10) than older children. Children 11–17 years old were reliable informants on disruptive and substance abuse/dependence disorders, but unreliable for anxiety and depressive disorders. Hence, parents were more reliable when reporting about anxiety and depressive disorders whereas children were more reliable than their parents when reporting about disruptive and substance disorders.     

关于日中大学生记忆活动的比较研究

本研究以日中两国的大学生为调查对象,比较了记忆尺度的下位尺度得分。主要结果如下：(1)日本大学生比中国大学生检索失败的机会多;(2)与日本大学生相比中国大学生善于利用内在记忆策略;(3)与中国大学生相比日本大学生善于利用外在记忆策略;（4)对记忆的自信。日中两国大学生未见差别。     

《学习适应量表》的验证性因素分析

在北京多所学校对425名学生进行了《学习适应量表》的测量,验证性因素分析结果表明,总量表和各个分量表的模型拟合都未违反基本适令标准,总量表的整体模型拟合性良好,内在结构适合性也比较好。学习方法、学习习惯、学习态度、学习环境和身心适应五个分量表的整体模型拟合性较好,但内在结构不佳。     

循证医学的实践与医学研究的方法

循证医学的问世为医学家进行临床科研提供了新的思维和新的方法。英国前瞻性糖尿病研究关于强化血糖控制和血压控制能减少Ⅱ型糖尿病并发症危险性的成果;西苏格兰冠心病预防研究、北欧辛伐他湘生存研究所揭示的降脂治疗在冠心病一级预防、二级预防中的作用;高血压最佳治疗国际性研究阐明了严格降压对于防治肾脏并发症等成果。充分显示了人们在社会实践中获得取认识,又用这一认识能动地改造客观世界的全过程。     

Stress Management with Law Enforcement Personnel: A Controlled Outcome Study of EMDR Versus a Traditional Stress Management Program

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been shown to be effective for treating posttraumatic stress disorder, but its efficacy as a stress management tool for normal individuals in highly stressful occupations has not been demonstrated. Sixty-two police officers were randomly assigned to either EMDR or a standard stress management program (SMP), each consisting of 6 hours of individualized contact. At completion, officers in the EMDR condition provided lower ratings on measures of PTSD symptoms, subjective distress, job stress, and anger; and higher marital satisfaction ratings than those in SMP. The effects of EMDR were maintained at the 6-month follow-up, indicating enduring gains from a relatively brief treatment regimen for this subclinical sample of officers who were experiencing some level of stress from their job.     

《孝经》新读

《孝经》是一部儒家经典著作,仔细读来,可以给人们以有益的启迪。“夫孝,德之本也,教之所由生也”,它揭示了孝的重要性,启发我们要重视孝德教育在德育中的基础作用。“孝无终始,而患不及者,未之有也”,它告诉我们人人都可以成为孝子。关于孝行方面,《孝经》要求:在家庭里,要做到“五孝”;在社会上,要做到“三不”;对于个人,则要爱惜身体、“立身行道”。谏诤为孝体现了一定的民主思想,尤其应该加以发扬。     

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》伦理思想研究

《手稿》较之马克思的其它著作有较为丰富的伦理思想,但其仍不是一本伦理学专著。综观《手稿》,其伦理思想,似可包括如下几方面:一是劳动异化和共产主义理论的人本价值导向;二是人论思想,奠定了马克思主义伦理学的理论基础;三是关于经济伦理或对资产阶级经济伦理的批判;四是其它伦理学观点。     

A longitudinal study of child siblings and theory of mind development

This study tested a sample of 63 children twice in a longitudinal design over 14 months to examine their theory-of-mind (ToM) understanding in relation to their number of child-aged siblings (1–12 years). Age-appropriate batteries of ToM tests emphasising false belief were given at the start of the study, when children had a mean age of 4–2 (range: 3–3 to 5–6), and at the end, when mean age was 5–4 (range: 4–3 to 6–9). Irrespective of chronological age, children with 2 or more child siblings scored significantly higher on both the earlier and the later battery than those with no child-aged siblings. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that, over and above chronological age and verbal intelligence, having more child siblings predicted higher ToM scores at Times 1 and 2. Furthermore, at Time 2, the participant's number of child-aged siblings continued to predict higher ToM scores even after controlling for age, verbal intelligence, and Time 1 ToM scores. Results were considered in relation to the kinds of family-based social and conversational experiences that might foster ToM growth throughout the period from toddlerhood to the threshold of primary school.     

交往的异化:马克思《穆勒评注》中的"承认"问题

文献学的最新研究成果表明,《穆勒评注》因提出"交往的异化问题"而极大深化了整个《巴黎手稿》的理论内涵和意义。这一研究结论可从哲学史角度给予支持和佐证,表现为:在《穆勒评注》中可明显看到黑格尔发明的承认问题对马克思产生的重要影响,以及马克思对黑格尔承认论题的重大推进。马克思对人与人之间的相互承认在资本主义条件下发生的严重扭曲和异化的揭示,就突出体现在《穆勒评注》从货币和商品交换角度对"交往的异化问题"的说明中。     

论霍克海默的审美教育观及其当代价值

文章阐明了霍克海默的审美教育观及其当代价值,提出他的审美教育观是以主客体相互中介的"社会批判理论"为基础,以强调培育反思能力与自由个性的人为目标;他的这一审美教育观念不仅影响了现代德国美育教育学理论,也影响了美育教学和艺术创作,对于我国当代美育理论与教学实验及发展文化产业,都具有积极的借鉴及启示意义。