On being victimized by peers in the advent of adolescence: prospective relationships to objectified body consciousness

Previous research indicates that peer victimization is tied to children's negative appearance evaluations. The current study examines whether early peer victimization is also prospectively related to objectified body consciousness. Six-hundred-and-two Swedish boys and girls answered questionnaires at age 10, and again at age 18. Main findings showed that being the target of peer victimization at age 10 was related to more habitual appearance monitoring and body shame at age 18. Gender moderated the relations between victimization and body shame, with victimized girls experiencing stronger body shame than victimized boys. Additionally, whereas boys experienced less body shame than girls, they were equally likely to monitor their appearance. In sum, this study provides preliminary support to the notion that peer victimization is involved in the processes by which young adolescents’ self-objectify. Future studies are warranted to further validate these findings.     

高校大学生人际敏感与社交焦虑相关因素分析

目的:分析比较大学生人际困扰、社交焦虑和心理症状的现状与影响,为大学生心理健康教育提供见解。方法:采用自制大学生压力源情况调查表,症状自评量表,社交回避及苦恼量表对大一、大二、大三共1291名大学生进行了测查。结果:人际关系困扰各年级总检出率为27.2%;大二和大三人际敏感因子均分高于大一,女生得分高于男生,并有显著差异;社交苦恼因子和总均分高于常模,存在差异显著性(P<0.05),总体社交回避及苦恼与抑郁、强迫、焦虑等心理症状有显著正相关,并有统计学意义。结论:人际困扰、人际敏感症状存在年级、性别差异,和典型表现形式;社交回避及苦恼可导致不同类型心理症状。     

Is Originality in the Eye of the Beholder? Comparison of Scoring Techniques in the Assessment of Divergent Thinking

Divergent thinking (DT) tests are among the most popular techniques for measuring creativity. However, the validity evidence for DT tests, as applied in educational settings, is inconsistent partly due to different scoring methods. This study explored the reliability and validity issues of various techniques for administering and scoring two DT tests. Results show distinct differences among several methods for scoring these DT tests and suggest that the percentage scoring method (i.e., dividing originality scores by fluency scores) may be the most appropriate scoring strategy. The potential impact on educational research and practice is discussed in detail.     

Development of infant crying behavior: A longitudinal case study

This study documents the development of infant crying behavior during the second half of the first year (across a key developmental transition). Two female infants were observed twice a month for 6 months when the infants were between 7 and 14 months of age. The infants exhibited crying behavior that seemed to become more sophisticated with increasing age. This marked a proactive stance in communicating with the mother on the part of the infant. Interestingly, at 11–12 months, “fake crying” was observed during a naturalistic interaction with the mother. This implied that deceptive infant behavior could be seen at quite an early stage.     

GAPS IN THE ARGUMENT: A DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN ASPECTS OF COSMOLOGY

In this discussion review of Robert John Russell's collection of essays I agree with him about the necessity of human existence given the claims of Christian theology. I look in detail at his suggestions for speaking to this issue, especially his thesis of NIODA—noninterventionist objective divine action. I end up disagreeing with the suggestion and argue that in respects Russell is tackling the science-religion relationship in the wrong way.     

早期宫颈癌术式选择的比较研究

根治性子宫切除术与保留生育功能的根治性宫颈切除术均可用于早期宫颈癌患者的手术治疗。根据生物-心理-社会医学模式的要求,本文采用比较治疗学的方法,对这两种手术方式,从适应证、手术方式、并发症、疗效等方面进行比较,为宫颈癌临床科学决策提供借鉴。     

鼻咽癌治疗方法的比较

鼻咽癌是我国南方省市最常见的头颈恶性肿瘤,放疗为其首选治疗方案,但患者五年生存率仍然不高。本文阅读国内外对鼻咽癌多种治疗方案的报道,结合湘雅医院、湘雅二医院对鼻咽癌某些治疗方案,通过分析对比不同治疗方案的疗效、患者生存质量及费用,讨论该病的最佳治疗方案,以期能在目前条件下提高鼻咽癌患者的治疗效果及生存质量。     

易学史研究与符号遮蔽——从惠栋研究误区出发

易学史研究中存在符号遮蔽问题,就表象而言,符号遮蔽问题与语言使用中的简化性有关,也受到循环历史观与进化历史观相互竞争的影响,从根本上言,遮蔽问题有其内在矛盾根源,即符号的无限与有限、开放与封闭、普遍与特殊的矛盾,解决遮蔽问题的关键在于还原符号内在的时间性、开放性与特殊性。     

权近《天人心性合一之图》研究

韩国有着悠久的学《易》历史,早在汉代,中国儒学便已传入其国。到李朝时期,作为易学一部分的易图学研究就已经达到了相当高的水平。代表人物是高丽末期、李朝初期的哲学家权近。他在中国易学家周敦颐《周氏太极图》的影响下,创制了《天人心性合一之图》。《天人心性合一之图》与《周氏太极图》的轮廓大体相同,都是黑白相间、酷似人形,反映了太极为本、阴阳互补、天人合一的特征。但《天人心性合一之图》又有它独特的一面,将伦理、心性等问题纳入易学体系,完成对前者的超越。由此可见,中韩易学文化融合的过程中,既有借鉴和吸收,又有创新和超越。     

城乡结合部教会信徒的经济状况调查——以S市D教会为例

位于大都市城乡结合部的S市D教会是农民工占多数的教会。调查表明该会信徒的受教育程度较低。其经济状况特点是临时工合同工自谋生计者占多数,收入低于该市平均水平。参加教会活动对其经济活动并未产生明显的影响,但基督教信仰对其经济道德和诚信度有正面意义。同时宗教信仰对处于经济不确定性风险中的信徒有明显的慰藉功能。文章认为D教会并未出现如韦伯所说的新教伦理与经济发展间的促进作用。城乡结合部民工教会信徒经济水平的提高仍有赖于非宗教因素的推动。