大学生心理健康普查和建档工作的理性思考

本文针对目前高校心理普查和建档中存在的问题,深入探讨了心理普查和建档的目的、资料内容的构成、科学性与有效性的影响因素、能否筛查出心理障碍和心理危机者、结果的保密性和使用,以及投入与产出的问题等等,以期引起各方对此的深入思考,并科学地对待心理普查和建档工作。     

初中生师生关系的结构与类型研究

该文采用深度访谈、理论分析等方法编制初中生师生关系评定问卷,经探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析得出初中生师生关系包括理解性、回避性、亲密性、反应性及冲突性五个因素.研究编制的初中生师生关系评定问卷具有较好的信度和效度.聚类分析结果表明,初中生师生关系包括矛盾困顿型、冲突回避型、亲密和谐型及平淡顺应型等四种类型.     

箱庭疗法在灾后心理援助与辅导中的应用

本文简述了箱庭疗法引入灾后心理援助工作的在可行性,介绍了以"心"为主题的心理危机援助模式,并报告了存灾区活动板房内使崩箱庭疗法为一名初中一年级学生进行心理咨询的过程,还报告了一位女教师通过箱庭制作梳理负面情绪的过程,说明箱庭疗法可以作为灾后心理援助与辅导的重要方法.     

Self-kindness when facing stress: The role of self-compassion,goal regulation,and support in college students’ well-being

This project brought together the constructs of goal and emotion regulation as a way of understanding college students’ well-being, building on previous work that identified the ability to disengage in goal pursuit and to redirect energy toward alternative goals as an important contributor to well-being. In Study 1, we assessed the amount of variance in well-being accounted for by measures of goal management, adding to the regression measures of student stress and self-compassion, the latter defined as a healthy form of self-acceptance and characterized as a tendency to treat oneself kindly in the face of perceived inadequacy. In Study 2, the stress scale was replaced by measures of perceived need and availability of support. Across studies, although factors such as goal management, stress, and need for and availability of support were important predictors of well-being, self-compassion accounted for a significant amount of additional variance in well-being.     

中小学生情绪调节策略与生理反应的关系

采用实验法探讨了巾小学生情绪调节策略与生理反应的关系。研究表明,悲伤情绪状态下,认知重评策略的生理反应要比表达抑制策略的生理反应小;快乐情绪状态下,两种策略的生理反应无显著差异;表达抑制策略下,悲伤情绪组的生理反应大于快乐情绪组的生理反应;认知重评策略下,悲伤情绪组的生理反应小于快乐情绪组;低年级学生比高年级学生情绪的生理反应大;女生比男生情绪的生理反应大;低学业水平学生比高学业水平学生情绪的生理反应大。     

大学生人际关系质量的影响因素研究

采用Rosellberg自尊量表、EMBU、大学生价值观问卷、自编"大学生人际关系主观因素问卷"及"人际关系质量量表"为工具,对1,137名本科生进行调查,以探讨大学生自尊、价值观、父母教养方式及人际关系的主观因素与大学生人际关系质量的关系.结果表明,父母教养方式、价值观与自尊对人际关系质量的直接效应很低,它们对人际关系质量的影响要以人际关系的主观因素为中介.因此,要构建大学生和谐人际关系,应特别重视影响其人际关系质量的主观因素教育.     

初中生师生关系对学业成绩的影响研究

本研究采用自编问卷,选取384名初中生为被试,考察初中生师生关系的特点以及与学业成绩的关系.研究表明:(1)初中生师生关系主要表现为亲密性、依赖性、冲突性三个维度;(2)师生关系在冲突性上年级差异极其显著,在亲密性、依赖性上不显著;(3)师生关系与学业成绩为显著正相关,在冲突性方面差异显著,在亲密性、依赖性方面差异不显著.因此,建立良好的师生关系,有助于减少师生之间的冲突;建立相互尊重、相互信任的师生关系,有利于促进学生的学业成绩.     

Task difficulty and inertial properties of hand-held tools: An assessment of their concurrent effects on precision aiming

Aiming hand-held tools at targets in space entails adjustments in the dynamical organization of aiming patterns according to the required precision. We asked whether and how these adjustments are modified by the tool’s mass distribution. Twelve participants performed reciprocal aiming movements with a 50-cm long wooden probe. Kinematic patterns of probe movements were used as a window into the behavioral dynamic underlying performance of a reciprocal aiming task. We crossed three levels of task difficulty (IDs 2.8, 4.5 and 6.1) with two types of probe varying in their mass distribution (proximal vs distal loading). Movement duration was affected by task difficulty and probe loading (shorter for larger targets and proximal probe loading). Progressive deviations from a sinusoidal movement pattern were observed as task difficulty increased. Such deviations were more pronounced with proximal probe loading. Results point to a higher degree of non-linearity in aiming dynamics when the probe was loaded proximally, which might reflect employment of additional perceptual-motor processes to control the position of its less stable tip at the vicinity of the targets. More generally, the effects of probe loading on aiming pattern and dynamics suggest that perceptual-motor processes responding to task level constraints are sensitive to, and not independent from, biomechanical, end-effector constraints.     

Imitation and novelty in product development

A human stigmergy model of product development through a series of incremental novelties and imitations is obtained by observing the isomorphism between solution trees generated by groups of humans participating in online games like Foldit, self-organizing topics in online learning systems, product evolution through a combination of innovation and imitation in the cell phone industry, and social networks formed over the past 40 years in creation of the Boston biotech commons. The model incorporates two very simple rules: (1) preferential attachment, and (2) the combination of existing product designs into a single design. A computer model used to simulate the model produces product evolution networks isomorphic to observed solution trees and product evolution trees. Additionally, industries with a high degree of novelty produce a product evolution network with scale-free and betweenness centrality structure.     

初中生教师期望知觉评定量表的编制

教师期望是指教师在对学生的知觉感受基础上产生的对学生的行为结果的某种预测性认知,由教师的期望引起的对学生学习效果的影响就是教师期望效应。在根据罗森塔尔经上百个实验总结出的教师传递期望的表现的基础上,采用文献综述和实证分析相结合的方法来编制符合我国国情的初中生教师期望知觉评定量表,通过验证性因素分析确定该量表分为两个维度:积极效应与消极效应。对量表进行信、效度检验的结果表明,该量表具有较好的信度、效度指标。