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281.
Anil Kumar Digvijay Parganiha Jageshwar Verma Prasenjit Biswas A. Basu 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(8):302-308
A study of novel composite-structured CoCrFeNi3Si, CoCrFe2Ni2Si and Co2CrFeNi2Si high-entropy alloys, synthesised by vacuum arc melting, is presented. The designing criteria for the formation of such alloys were based on the enthalpy of mixing and the valence electron concentration. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all the alloys were composed of face-centered cubic and intermetallic phases. Scanning electron microscopy, along with elemental analysis, indicated that the face-centered cubic phase mainly contains Co, Cr, Fe and Ni, whereas, the intermetallic compound is Ni-Si rich. All the synthesised high-entropy alloys in the present investigation possess excellent compressive strength along with ductility at room temperature, suggesting significant potential application in the engineering field. Furthermore, enhanced hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance were achieved in all the designed high-entropy alloys. The previously given design parameters for the composite-structured high-entropy alloys are in good accord with the current research work. 相似文献
282.
In spite of many superior high-temperature properties of intermetallics, it has been difficult to understand their intrinsic brittleness. To eliminate or improve the embrittlement, the conventional alloying technique based on the trial-and-error method is still the most effective and practical. However, it remains a main challenge for both physicists and materials scientists to provide either an alloying principle or a deep insight into its toughening mechanism at an atomic or electronic level. This letter reports a simple experimental approach that uses work function (WF) as a sensitive indicator of the role of alloying in changing mechanical behavior. NiAl is chosen as a typical example. It is found that with the addition of Cr and Ce, the ductility of NiAl increases significantly. Such an increase in ductility corresponds to a concomitant decrease in the WF, which is attributed to a change in the nature of the atomic bonding or in the electronic structure induced by the alloying. This fundamental understanding on the embrittlement nature of NiAl could provide some alloying guidelines or principles for other intermetallics. 相似文献
283.
A series of structural polytypes formed in an Mg–1 at.%Zn–2 at.%Y alloy has been identified, which are reasonably viewed as long-period stacking derivatives of the hexagonal-close-packed Mg structure with alternate AB stacking of the close-packed atomic layers. Atomic-resolution Z-contrast imaging clearly revealed that the structures are long-period chemical-ordered as well as stacking-ordered; unique chemical order along the stacking direction occurs as being synchronized with a local faulted stacking of AB′C′A, where B′ and C′ layers are commonly enriched by Zn/Y atoms. 相似文献
284.
V. Tulupenko C.A. Duque R. Demedyuk Ya. Belichenko C.M. Duque 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(1):42-49
The idea about change of energy distances between space-quantized energy levels by ionization of an impurity delta layer situated within a quantum well (QW) is put forward and justified. The self-consistent solutions of Schrödinger, Poisson, and electroneutrality equations made for n-type SiGe/Si/SiGe rectangular QW show that the effect really exists and the most dramatic changes can be observed for an edge-delta-doped QW structure. 相似文献
285.
The influence of ruthenium (Ru) on the partitioning behavior of W, Re and Cr in γ′-Ni3Al has been studied using the Dmol3 method based on the density functional theory. The calculated results show that W, Re and Cr have a preference for the Ni site in γ′-Ni3Al alloyed with Ru. When Ru substitutes the central Ni atom, the site preference for W, Re and Cr varies. Furthermore, an electronic structure analysis of the alloy in terms of the Mulliken population and partial density of states was performed to elucidate the alloying mechanism of Ru in γ′-Ni3Al. The results show that the strengthening effect of Ru in the alloy arises from a reduction in the binding energy of Ru as well as p-orbital hybridization between Ru and the host atoms. 相似文献
286.
Genetic and environmental correlation matrices among 7 personality scales were estimated, using samples of adult and young adult twins from Australia (2081 and 1178 pairs, respectively). A general factor of personality and two supplemental factors were obtained in each. The supplemental factors were tentatively identified as Social conformity and Other-dependence. Factors from the genetic and environmental correlations replicated well across samples, and they were similar in both the genetic and environmental covariation. It was concluded that the structure of personality is inherent in the evolved phenotype, and is not the immediate consequence of either genetic or environmental organizing factors. 相似文献
287.
Edmund Jephcott 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2013,69(4):191-200
Utopia should not be seen as the end‐point of a continuum of material progress, but as a society whose members enjoy a consciousness raised to its highest attainable level of intensity and value. The urge towards heightened consciousness is seen as a primary, pleasure‐driven human impulse, comparable in scope and intensity to the sex drive and perhaps still more fundamental, in that it emanates from the primordial human organ, the brain. The article explores ways in which an ‘inhibition barrier’ at present limiting the intensity of individual and general consciousness and arising from survival‐orientated modes of perception and feeling, might be raised or removed by a specific modification both of basic mental structures governing perception and conceptualization, and of economic structures, enabling a more efficient but non‐competitive mode of generating and distributing wealth. Insights derived from the psychology of art are thus applied more widely to the process of social living, to generate a concept of an attainable Utopia which would redirect human motivation away from ecologically destructive preoccupations. 相似文献
288.
Eric F. Rietzschel Marjette Slijkhuis Nico W. Van Yperen 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2013,22(3):394-404
In this article, we argue and demonstrate that employees’ Personal Need for Structure (PNS) moderates the negative effects of close monitoring on job satisfaction, intrinsic work motivation, and innovative job performance (as rated by their supervisors). In a field study (N = 295), we found that employees low in PNS reacted unfavourably to close monitoring, whereas employees high in PNS reacted more favourably to close monitoring. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the negative effect of close monitoring on job satisfaction and intrinsic work motivation among low PNS employees can be explained by a reduction of perceived autonomy. In contrast, the positive effects of close monitoring on these favourable outcomes among high PNS employees were associated with increased role clarity. 相似文献
289.
290.
Scott C. Roesch Arianna A. Aldridge Tobin L.P. Huff Karl Langner Feion Villodas Kelsey Bradshaw 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2013,26(3):327-331
Abstract Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were employed to test the factorial validity and structure of the Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI; Greenglass, Schwarzer, Jakubiec, Fiksenbaum, &; Taubert, 1999) in a large multiethnic sample (n=709). CFAs conducted on each individual scale of the PCI supported congeneric measurement. However, when the scales of the PCI were tested simultaneously in a model, a 3-factor model representing Logical Analysis/Problem Solving, Social Support, and Avoidance fit as well as both a 5- and the original 7-factor model. Moreover, strong redundancy among factors of both the 5- and 7-factor models suggested that these models did not represent the PCI well. In addition, multigroup analyses revealed that the parameters (e.g., factor loadings, item intercepts) of the 3-factor model were largely invariant across gender and ethnic groups. Discussion focuses on the interpretability of the 3-factor model of the PCI, and particularly in relation to traditional measures of reactive coping. 相似文献