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891.
商卫星 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(1):5-7,10
随着现代科技的进步,脑科学特别是脑成像技术能够无损伤地探测人脑,成为脑功能研究的"显微镜".这些科技的发展对心理学研究具有重大影响.它使得意识能够受到真正科学地研究,促使心理学研究从"计算机隐喻"向"脑隐喻"的转变,并将使心理学理论形态更加复杂. 相似文献
892.
Haruhiko Ogasawara 《Psychometrika》2007,72(2):227-243
Higher-order approximations to the distributions of fit indexes for structural equation models under fixed alternative hypotheses
are obtained in nonnormal samples as well as normal ones. The fit indexes include the normal-theory likelihood ratio chi-square
statistic for a posited model, the corresponding statistic for the baseline model of uncorrelated observed variables, and
various fit indexes as functions of these two statistics. The approximations are given by the Edgeworth expansions for the
distributions of the fit indexes under arbitrary distributions. Numerical examples in normal and nonnormal samples with the
asymptotic and simulated distributions of the fit indexes show the relative inappropriateness of the normal-theory approximation
using noncentral chi-square distributions. A simulation for the confidence intervals of the fit indexes based on the normal-theory
Studentized estimators under normality with a small sample size indicates an advantage for the approximation by the Cornish–Fisher
expansion over those by the noncentral chi-square distribution and the asymptotic normality.
The author is indebted to the reviewers for their comments and suggestions, which have led to the improvement of the previous
versions of this paper. This work was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry
of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology. 相似文献
893.
VICTOR MANOEL ANDRADE 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2007,88(1):55-74
Thetherapeuticactionofpsychoanalysis, attributedformanyyearstotheinterpretation of the repressed libido, has shifted its focus to object relationships. Some modern analysts maintain that the primary factor of psychic change is the new model of object relationship provided by analysis, and do not consider signifi cant the knowledge of episodes comprising implicit memories, whose irrecoverable nature is demonstrated by neuroscience. Nevertheless, the author proposes that the knowledge of specifi c archaic events, useless as their interpretation may be, offers a glimpse of the make‐up of the mind, contributing to the improvement of the empathy indispensable for inducing changes in the patient. Episodes linked to absolute narcissism, in the beginnings of the body ego, which do not appear either in associations or in transference, emerge in dreams. Neuroscience has made possible the understanding of aspects of dreaming capable of providing a glimpse of the genesis of the ego, whose development from the bodily phase of absolute narcissism to the psychic object phase can thus be traced. The unearthing of the genesis of primary structural faults in dreaming furnishes the analyst with an estimate of the possibilities for development of the ego, and this knowledge provides fi ne tuning capable of guiding the analyst's conduct. A clinical case illustrates how these phenomena occur, showing the intersubjective relationship as the silent primary generator of psychic changes, consolidated and developed secondarily by means of the analytical dialogue. 相似文献
894.
895.
知觉干扰存效应是指之前更模糊的刺激的呈现对之后同一模糊刺激的识别的抑制。实验-考察了学习和频率、实验二考察了学习和结构方式对汉字知觉干扰存效应的影响。结果发现:1.汉字与图片一样,不存在材料有限现象,在学习和不学习条件下,汉字识别中均存在知觉干扰效应;2.学习以及频率和结构方式对汉字知觉干扰效应的影响也不显著;3.频率、学习和结构方式对汉字识别的影响显著。这些结果似乎表明当激活超过一定的水平时,和汉字激活水平有关的因素对知觉干扰效应不再起作用。失匹配假说可更好的解释激活水平的作用以及材料有限现象。 相似文献
896.
以中国大学生为被试,采用事件相关电位对比研究中英文Stroop干扰效应的脑内时程动态变化。结果发现:两种文字材料都存在反应时的Stroop干扰效应,汉字的干扰效应明显强于英文;被试在完成不同文字材料的字词颜色命名任务时所诱发的ERP成分存在差异,具体为中文Stroop干扰效应表现为在350—550ms内,不一致条件比一致条件诱发一个更负的ERP成分(N450),主要分布于额中部电极。英文Stroop干扰效应表现为不一致条件比一致条件在250—450ms内诱发一个更正的ERP成分(P300),主要分布于左侧额顶叶;在450—550ms内诱发一个更负的ERP成分(N500),主要分布于中后部。研究结果表明语言类型会影响Stroop干扰效应的脑内时程变化。 相似文献
897.
898.
该研究的目的是考察外向性对快乐感的直接和间接影响,建立外向性与快乐感相关变量的结构模型。对342名被试施测中国外向性量表、社会交往量表、社会支持量表、应对方式量表和情感量表,运用结构方程模型对数据进行拟合。结果显示:外向性不仅直接影响快乐感,还通过社会交往、社会支持、应对方式对快乐感给予间接影响。最后讨论了外向性人格特点与快乐感相关变量的关系。 相似文献
899.
Arnaud Leleu Diane Rekow Fanny Poncet Benoist Schaal Karine Durand Bruno Rossion Jean‐Yves Baudouin 《Developmental science》2020,23(2)
To successfully interact with a rich and ambiguous visual environment, the human brain learns to differentiate visual stimuli and to produce the same response to subsets of these stimuli despite their physical difference. Although this visual categorization function is traditionally investigated from a unisensory perspective, its early development is inherently constrained by multisensory inputs. In particular, an early‐maturing sensory system such as olfaction is ideally suited to support the immature visual system in infancy by providing stability and familiarity to a rapidly changing visual environment. Here, we test the hypothesis that rapid visual categorization of salient visual signals for the young infant brain, human faces, is shaped by another highly relevant human‐related input from the olfactory system, the mother's body odor. We observe that a right‐hemispheric neural signature of single‐glance face categorization from natural images is significantly enhanced in the maternal versus a control odor context in individual 4‐month‐old infant brains. A lack of difference between odor conditions for the common brain response elicited by both face and non‐face images rules out a mere enhancement of arousal or visual attention in the maternal odor context. These observations show that face‐selective neural activity in infancy is mediated by the presence of a (maternal) body odor, providing strong support for multisensory inputs driving category acquisition in the developing human brain and having important implications for our understanding of human perceptual development. 相似文献
900.
A well‐established literature demonstrates executive function (EF) deficits in obese children and adults relative to healthy weight comparisons. EF deficits in obesity are associated with overeating and impulsive consumption of high calorie foods leading to excess weight gain and to problems with metabolic regulation and low‐grade inflammation that detrimentally affect the structure and function of prefrontal cortex. Here, we test a complementary explanation for the relation between EF and body mass index (BMI) grounded in the energy demand of the developing brain. Recent work shows that the brain accounts for a lifetime peak of 66% of resting metabolic rate in childhood and that developmental changes in brain energetics and normative changes in body weight gain are closely inversely related. This finding suggests a trade‐off in early childhood between energy used to support brain development versus energy used to support physical growth and fat deposition. To test this theorized energetic trade‐off, we analyzed data from a large longitudinal sample (N = 1,292) and found that change in EF from age 3 to 5 years, as a proxy for brain development in energetically costly prefrontal cortex, is inversely related to change in BMI from age 2 to 5 years. Greater linear decline in BMI predicted greater linear increase in EF. We interpret this finding as tentative support for a brain–body energetic trade‐off in early childhood with implications for lifetime obesity risk. 相似文献