Worlds within Worlds: Kabbalah and the New Scientific Paradigm

Beginning with relativity and quantum theory, the deterministic view that has dominated and shaped Western culture for more than 2,500 years has begun to unravel, leading to the emergence of a new paradigm. This new paradigm effectively reformulates the project of science, conceiving of existence as an interpenetrating web of coevolving, cocreative relationships. By exploring Kabbalah and the new scientific paradigm within the context of shared evolutionary principles, I seek to demonstrate a viable alternative to the prevailing deterministic worldview. By going beyond the limits of determinism and re–visioning existence as an evolutionary, emergent phenomenon, we can establish a new basis for an authentic dialogue between science and religion.     

创业动机研究：概念结构、影响因素和理论模型

创业动机是驱动个体创业的心理倾向或动力, 它是个体创业行为发生的有效预测变量。在介绍完创业动机的概念、结构和测量工具的基础上, 文章综述了影响创业动机的因素, 包括大五人格特质、自我效能感、目标和环境因素等。接着着重阐述了经典创业动机理论, 包括拉动和推动理论、简单和复杂理论, 以及新近提出的解放理论。最后对未来研究进行了评价和展望。     

Vision parafovéale et extraction précoce de la structure des phrases durant la lecture

According to the structural approach to reading (Psychon Bull Rev 1 (1994) 345-356), the extraction of structure precedes the analysis of meaning and is partially influenced by parafoveal information. We propose a new experimental design to examine, on the one hand, the implication of parafoveal information in the establishment of structural frames and, on the other hand, the size of these structural frames - from nine to 27 signs. We show that readers can be sensitive to the syntactic skeleton of the sentence until a distance of 27 signs from the fixation point. We discuss the results in the perspective of the structural model of reading and of the unconscious utilization of information (Cognition 80 (2000) 215-229).     

个体认知方式与材料复杂性对视空间工作记忆的影响

采用计算机呈现的Corsi积木点击任务,探讨了不同认知方式个体对材料的路径、结构和数量复杂性不同的视空间工作记忆的广度。研究结果表明：（1）场独立性认知方式是影响视空间工作记忆广度的一个重要的个别差异变量,在路径复杂或呈现的材料结构随机的条件下,场独立者的视空间工作记忆广度明显高于场依存者;（2）材料呈现的路径、数量是影响视空间记忆广度的重要因素,在路径简单或数量少的情况下被试的视空间记忆广度要明显得高     

Psychometric examination and normative data for the narcissistic personality inventory 29 item version

The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) is commonly used in empirical studies of narcissism. Few population-based studies have been published. Our aim was to do a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the NPI 29 item version with a four-factor structure, in two population-based samples and in a patient sample, and present normative population-based data. The NPI-29 was filled in by 324 respondents from the Norwegian population, 231 from the Swedish population and 167 Norwegian psychiatric patients. The four-factor structure of the NPI-29 with Leadership/Power, Exhibitionism/Self-admiration, Superiority/Arrogance and Uniqueness/Entitlement was reproduced in these samples. The CFA models showed good fit indices in all samples. Mean scores on the NPI-29 and four subscales hardly differed between the samples. For the NPI-29 total score and factors, few significant differences were observed. CFA of the samples supported the factor structure of the NPI-29 formerly identified by principal component analysis of the Swedish population sample.     

Does empathy predict adolescents' bullying and defending behavior?

Through structural equation modeling, this study tested a path of relations in which different levels of empathic responsiveness were posited to be differently associated to bullying and defending behavior. Three hundred and eighteen Italian adolescents (142 girls and 176 boys; mean age = 13.2 years) completed the Davis's Interpersonal Reactivity Index [Davis, 1983] for empathy and the Participant role scales [Salmivalli et al., 1996] for bullying and defending behavior. The results revealed that the model fitted the data adequately, but only in the case of boys. As hypothesized, low levels of empathic responsiveness were associated to students' involvement in bullying others. In contrast, empathy was positively associated with actively helping victimized schoolmates. However, the estimates algorithm did not reach convergence with girls' data. The current findings confirm and extend the literature on the relation between empathy, prosociality and aggressive behavior. Educational implications are also discussed.     

The goals of psychoanalytic treatment: Conceptual considerations and follow‐up interview evaluation with a former analysand1

There has been a long, ongoing discussion of goals in psychoanalytic treatment. Some analysts are even of the opinion that psychoanalysis ought to be goalless (‘just analysing’). The growing number of outcome studies, however, is in need of a generally accepted set of criteria by which treatment results can be judged. The author proposes a definition of the goals of psychoanalysis that covers four areas: the alleviation of symptoms and complaints, changes in life adjustment, changes in personality structure, and procedural goals such as the resolution of the transference neurosis. She illustrates the relevance of this conceptualization by an empirical study that considers the assessments of 19 psychoanalysts discussing statements made by a former patient about her analytic treatment. On the basis of this case, which comes from the follow‐up study of the DPV (German Psychoanalytical Society), reported by Leuzinger‐Bohleber et al. in 2002, the author demonstrates that psychoanalysts use the criteria defined above implicitly in forming their opinions. Moreover, they arrived at similar judgements regarding the treatment's outcome.     

言语学习引起的脑功能和结构变化

文章系统介绍了言语学习引起的脑功能和结构可塑性变化研究的最新进展,例如：第二语言的词汇——语义学习引起的脑功能变化主要受熟练程度的影响,而句法学习引起的脑功能变化主要受获得年龄的影响;实验室言语训练可以引起语言加工相关区域激活增强或减弱,以及出现新的激活区域;第二语言学习导致了左侧顶下皮层灰质密度增加。此外,文章还总结了言语学习的脑成像研究中常用的实验范式,并提出了有待于进一步解决的关键问题     

结构式家庭治疗的理论及其应用评析

本文从结构式家庭治疗的产生背景出发,简要阐述了其建立的相关理论基础和其基本概念。并以结构式家庭治疗在实际运用中的实用性和有待解决的问题为思考点,对结构式家庭治疗的现实运用做了较全面的分析。     

Standard errors of fit indices using residuals in structural equation modeling

The asymptotic standard errors of the correlation residuals and Bentler's standardized residuals in covariance structures are derived based on the asymptotic covariance matrix of raw covariance residuals. Using these results, approximations of the asymptotic standard errors of the root mean square residuals for unstandardized or standardized residuals are derived by the delta method. Further, in mean structures, approximations of the asymptotic standard errors of residuals, standardized residuals and their summary statistics are derived in a similar manner. Simulations are carried out, which show that the asymptotic standard errors of the various types of residuals and the root mean square residuals in covariance, correlation and mean structures are close to actual ones.The author is indebted to the reviewers for their comments and suggestions which have led to an improvement of this work.