羞耻易感性差异及对羞耻的应付

研究目的是了解羞耻感对应付的影响。100名大专一年级学生根据主试呈现的9个故事情境,评定自己在其中体验到的羞耻的强烈程度,从中选择了5个可以较好的激发被试羞耻情绪的典型羞耻事件,考察被试在其中的应付方式,并比较了高、低羞耻组被试在应付方法使用上的差异。研究结果显示：大学生面临羞耻事件时,倾向于采用接受事件结果、直接面对问题和让时间冲淡一切的应对方法,较少使用否认和逃避的方法。羞耻易感性较高的个体较之羞耻易感性低的个体更可能使用回避、隐藏感情、祈祷和等待的应付方法;羞耻易感性低的个体较之羞耻易感性高的个体更可能使用寻求社会支持的方法。进一步根据羞耻的本质和其现象学的特点,解释了高、低羞耻组在应付方式上的这些差异     

少数民族初中学生压力源调查

本调查采用中学生应激源量表,对广西某地区的363名少数民族初中学生进行压力源调查。结果表明少数民族初中学生的主要压力源是学习、家庭环境和社会文化等方面的问题,其中,家庭经济困难和令人讨厌的社会文化风俗与少数民族中学生的焦虑抑郁情绪密切相关。在心理健康教育中,我们应关注少数民族中学生的学习压力,还要设法减轻他们的家庭环境和社会文化压力。     

胸腺肽对心理应激引起老年大鼠免疫功能降低的改善作用

研究胸腺肽作为一种免疫增强剂,是否参与调节应激对免疫系统的作用,心理应激采用可控／不可控电击的模型。结果表明,受到６天,每天半小时的可控或不可控的足底电击后,与不受电南的对照组相比,不可控组老年大鼠的免疫功能明显下降,而可控组没有明显变化．;肾上腺糖皮质激素的分泌量在受到电击后显著升高。     

Life events and functional somatic symptoms: A population study in older adolescents

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of negative life events on functional somatic symptoms (FSSs) in adolescents, based on data from 957 participants of the population cohort TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey. Life events experienced between age 16 and age 19 were assessed with the Kendler's Life Stress interview. FSSs at age 19 and age 16 were measured with the Youth and Adult Self‐Report. The hypotheses were tested by the use of a latent change model. Life events predicted FSSs, even when adjusted for pre‐event levels of FSSs, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and socio‐economic status (B = 0.006, 95% CI [0.003, 0.008], β = .32). Whereas illness‐related life events did not predict FSSs independently (B = −0.003, 95% CI [−0.005, 0.09], β = .05), non‐illness‐related life events did (B = 0.007, 95% CI [0.004, 0.010], β = .31). A past‐year diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression had a significant influence on the association between life events and FSSs (B = 0.37, 95% CI [0.30, 0.46], β = .71), while female sex, exposure to childhood adversities, and family malfunctioning had not. In conclusion, our findings show that FSSs are associated with negative life events in older adolescents. We did not find evidence for stronger effects of illness‐related events.     

组织中的角色超载

角色超载是指当个体缺乏必要的能力与技能或足够的时间而无法顺利完成各种角色需求时所体验到的一种角色压力。角色超载不仅影响员工的身心健康, 而且对组织和社会也有消极影响。本文在对角色超载的定义梳理及与相关概念比较的基础上给出了新的界定, 完善了角色超载的概念, 并对维度划分与测量, 以及影响因素与作用结果进行了分析。未来研究应致力于：清晰的界定角色超载的内涵, 合理的维度划分与量表编制, 深入研究其影响因素并关注角色超载的本土化研究。     

中国跨国公司外派人员多目标主动行为的前因与后果——挑战性-阻碍性压力视角

传统研究强调跨文化多重压力阻碍外派成功, 但相对忽视压力具备的动力作用。该研究基于挑战性-阻碍性压力视角, 遵循“压力-动机-行为-结果”的逻辑框架, 对中国跨国公司外派人员多目标主动行为及结果的产生机制展开研究。依据自我决定理论分析挑战性-阻碍性两种不同属性压力如何通过影响动机和主动行为进而影响外派人员的职业发展、工作绩效及组织绩效的过程, 并根据工作要求-控制模型, 从组织和工作资源两方面识别两种压力影响外派结果的边界条件, 以及跨文化背景下主动行为发挥作用的边界条件。该研究揭示外派主动动机及行为在高不确定性跨文化背景下的价值功效, 可以为中国跨国公司挑选、培训、激励和保留国际化人才提供实践的参考。     

跨文化适应与应激、应激源研究:中国学生、学者在德国

本文旨在探讨在德国的中国学生／学者跨文化适应与应激源和应激之间的关系。其中,跨文化适应分为总体、人际及学习／工作适应三方面．应激源分为社会和学习／工作两方面,而应激则有文化、心理和生理三个层面。被试为99名在德国的中国留学生及访同学者。研究结果表明：除工作／学习应激与总体适应没有显著负相关之外,应激源与三方面的跨文化适应均显著负相关,回归分析表明了同样的趋势。在应激与跨文化适应的关系上,适应良好的被试应激水平较低。总体适应能够预测文化、生理及生理应激。     

Stressor and Resilience Factors for Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexuals Confronting Antigay Politics

When lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people encounter antigay campaigns and elections, they face explicit and implicit homophobic attacks. In order to understand the points of stress and the bases for resilience in the face of these attacks, we developed a 130-item quantitative survey on the basis of results of an earlier qualitative study. Three hundred, sixteen Colorado LGB people endorsed items representing sources of stress and sources of resilience associated with the campaign for and passage of an antigay referendum. Factor analyses of the results suggested 5 sources of stressors and 5 sources of resilience for LGB persons and their communities.     

Exploring the nonlinear relationship between challenge stressors and employee voice: The effects of leader–member exchange and organisation-based self-esteem

This study demonstrates how challenge stressor, a job demand that can bring potential gains for employees, influences voice, a change-oriented behaviour challenging the status quo. Specifically, we develop and test an inverted U-shaped relationship that integrates social exchange theory and the framework of resource allocation. Using data collected from 204 employees in Eastern China, we find that the U-shaped relationship between challenge stressor and voice is only emerged at low levels of leader–member exchange. At high levels of leader–member exchange the relationship between challenge stressor and voice is U-shaped. Furthermore, the interactive effect of challenge stressor and leader–member exchange on voice behaviour is mediated by organisation-based self-esteem. The findings of this study have important implications for stress and voice literature.