Subjective Well-Being in Pediatric Oncology Patients

Using negative and positive measures of subjective well-being (SWB), we compared reports of 29 youth with cancer to a matched control sample of 29 youth. Youth with cancer did not differ from healthy controls on self-report measures of life satisfaction, hope, positive affect, or negative affect. Scores on measures of hope were positively correlated with time since diagnosis; none of the other SWB variables was significantly related to time since diagnosis. Except for negative affect, moderate correlations were found between parents’ reports of their own SWB and their youths’ self-reported SWB. Parents’ estimates of their youths’ SWB were also moderately associated with youth self-reports, except for negative affect. Parents of youth with cancer and their youth may use different criteria for reporting the nature and frequency of negative affect, but use similar criteria for reporting positive affect and other positive measures (hope, life satisfaction). Implications for more comprehensive assessments of the well-being of pediatric oncology patients are discussed.     

Doctors' decision-making on giving information to cancer patients

Abstract

A major focus in the literature about doctor-patient communication is information-giving. In the case of cancer patients, one significant issue is which factors determine whether and how, general practitioners and oncologists give information to their patients. Whatever may be the content of information, the most important choice for the doctor is to give information or not. Our research group at the Department of Health Psychology has conducted investigations in order to identify the significant determinants of decisions concerning giving information to cancer patients. A sample of 60 doctors from Alicante province in Spain were asked their criteria for giving information about a cancer diagnosis. Results showed that perceived intelligence and emotional control in the patients were the best predicotrs of the decision by doctors to give information. Age and socio-economic status were also significantly associated with the doctors' information-giving practices. These data suggest that the criteria for giving information to cancer patients are subjective and show a strong cultural influence.     

经腹会阴直肠癌术后肠梗阻行结肠造口灌肠治疗的临床研究

评价吸痰管灌肠治疗经腹会阴直肠癌术后肠梗阻的可行性与临床疗效。一次性吸痰管经结肠造口灌肠或肛管经结肠造口灌肠治疗38例经腹会阴直肠癌术后肠梗阻。结果20例吸痰管灌肠治疗组均安全放置或减压,其操作成功率为100％（20/20）。吸痰管灌肠治疗组大部分患者腹痛、腹胀明显缓解,并腹围、X线肠管最大直径、C T肠管最长液平明显小于灌肠前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。吸痰管灌肠治疗组明显优于肛管灌肠组。一次性吸痰管经结肠造口灌肠治疗经腹会阴直肠癌术后肠梗阻的操作技术是安全的、可行的,并吸痰管经结肠造口灌肠是治疗经腹会阴直肠癌术后肠梗阻的有效方法。     

纳米金材料在肿瘤诊治研究中的相关进展

目前肿瘤的早期诊断依然是需要攻克的难关,现有的抗肿瘤药物因具有较大毒性且缺乏组织特异性而存在很大的局限性.纳米金基于能够被多种基团修饰后获得对肿瘤细胞的靶向性的特点逐渐成为当前抗肿瘤研究的热点.纳米金自身具有独特的生物活性,同时具有光热效应,也可以作为载体负载药物,以上3种特点均可应用于新药物的开发,用于肿瘤诊治方面的研究.本文从这三个方面描述了近期纳米金的研究进展.     

晚期乳腺癌外科治疗的时机与个体化选择

IV期乳腺癌是难以治愈的疾病,治疗方法是综合治疗,目的是缓解症状、改善生活质量、延长生存期。外科治疗作为综合治疗的一部分,对手术切除Ⅳ期乳腺癌原发灶或转移灶的临床意义和手术时机存在争议,本文结合文献从哲学的角度分析讨论Ⅳ期乳腺癌是否需要外科处理。认为Ⅳ期乳腺癌全身治疗和外科治疗是治疗过程中矛盾主要方面和次要方面的关系,可互相转化,两者作用相辅相成,当全身治疗病情缓解时,个体化选择外科治疗不仅改善生存质量,还可能提高生存率。     

癌症疼痛心理社会干预治疗的研究进展

癌症疼痛是一种复杂和多维的感受,与心理和社会因素相互影响。本文回顾近期国内外相关研究指出,许多重要的社会心理因素与疼痛有关,包括心理压力、应对方法、社会支持以及社会经济因素,它们是疼痛管理的难点。近期的国内外研究表明缓解癌痛的心理社会干预措施包括：疼痛教育、应对技能训练和催眠等,它们对疼痛治疗管理是有益的补充,同时抗抑郁药物应用对疼痛治疗有益。     

槐耳颗粒联合吉非替尼治疗晚期肺腺癌的研究

探讨槐耳颗粒联合吉非替尼在晚期肺腺癌治疗中的临床应用价值。将患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用口服槐耳颗粒联合吉非替尼,对照组单纯口服吉非替尼。4个疗程后,分别观察两组治疗前后机体免疫状态、瘤体大小、生存质量的变化和药物毒副反应等指标。结果发现两组患者瘤体大小和生存质量差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,但治疗组和对照组比较 CD8＋明显下降、CD4＋／CD8＋比值上升,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,毒副反应方面,恶心呕吐、腹泻等药物不良反应相对较轻,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。因此,槐耳颗粒可显著提高患者的免疫功能,有较大的临床应用价值,可以与吉非替尼联合治疗晚期肺腺癌患者。     

1例晚期肿瘤患者宁养服务浅谈

通过提供居家宁养护理指导和心理疏导的方法,为晚期癌症患者提供身、心、灵全方位的照顾,从而提高晚期癌症患者的生活质量。通过对1例晚期肿瘤患者进行症状控制、护理指导、心理疏导、灵性沟通,该晚期肿瘤患者及家属的自身照顾能力提高,晚期肿瘤患者在生命末期的生活质量有所提高,最终达到善终。身心灵的照顾在宁养服务中起重要作用,有利于患者生活质量的提高,但仍要根据患者的个体特点并掌握一定技巧。     

乳腺癌患者术后自我效能、应对方式及生活质量的相关性研究

调查乳腺癌患者术后自我效能、应对方式与生活质量,探讨三者间的相互关系.应用一般自我效能感量表、医学应对问卷和生活质量测定量表对116例乳腺癌术后患者的自我效能、应对方式和生活质量状况进行测评,并分析三者间的相互关系.乳腺癌术后患者自我效能处于较低水平,应对方式趋向于采取屈服方式,生活质量处于较高水平,自我效能、应对方式和生活质量三者之间存在一定程度的关联,可以通过提高患者的自我效能,指导患者采用积极的应对方式改善其生活质量.     

The Role of Spirituality in the Lives of Mothers of Breast Cancer Survivors

Breast cancer impacts an entire family system. The mothers of breast cancer patients are likely impacted in a variety of ways by their daughters’ diagnoses. To date, few researchers have investigated the experiences and perspectives of this population. In the present study, the authors explored how mothers of breast cancer survivors managed adversities associated with this disease and illness. Using secondary data and narrative analysis, the investigators analyzed data gathered from 30 mothers. Findings indicate that participants relied on their spirituality for the management of stress and hardship related to having a loved one with breast cancer.