学业情绪研究现状与展望

学业情绪是在教学和学习活动中,与学生学业活动相关的各种情绪体验,它不仅影响着学习者的认知加工水平,还影响着个体的身心发展。自2002年Pekrun等人正式提出学业情绪以来,这一领域逐渐受到关注。近十年来,国内外研究者从测评工具、发展特点、影响因素几个角度对学业情绪展开了初步研究,其中存在的问题和不足需要继续研究讨论。     

履历数据测评的效度分析

履历数据是人员测评的重要手段, 但其组织情景性限制使得国外同类工具不能适用于国内人事选拔, 国内也缺乏实证研究验证其信度、效度。本研究结合某通信企业的招募选拔工作, 开发履历数据分析工具, 选取250名应聘者的履历数据、一般认知能力、大五个性和面试结果数据, 通过效标关联效度、增量效度思想, 分析履历数据有效性。结果表明, 以面试结果为效标, 履历数据具有良好的效标关联效度, 与其他测评工具组合使用时有良好的增量效度。     

教学实验中的处理忠实度

实验处理的忠实度是指主试在实验中实际施加的处理与预定处理之间的一致程度,它是影响实验研究效度和结论的重要因素。教学实验的处理忠实度受实验设计、培训、教学情境、教师、学生等多种因素影响,完善实验设计、进行系统培训、实施预备试验、监控实验过程是提升教学实验处理忠实度的重要途径。教学实验的处理忠实度可以通过现场观察、作品分析、教师报告等方式进行评估。     

儿童入学准备的评估与促进

入学准备状态是指学龄前儿童为了能够从即将开始的正规学校教育中受益所需要具备的各种关键特征或基础条件。本文从四个方面介绍了国内外关于儿童入学准备状态研究的新进展：入学准备的概念发展; 入学准备的评估方式; 影响儿童入学准备的因素; 儿童入学准备的干预与促进。未来的研究方向主要包括：测评工具需要更好地反映入学准备概念的新发展; 采用纵向追踪研究方法动态考察影响入学准备的因素; 提高干预研究设计的质量并加强干预成本与干预效果关系的分析; 在基于五领域模型的宏观研究基础上还需要加强针对其中具体成分的深入研究。     

Using person matching to predict career specialty choice

Person matching promotes career exploration and choice by linking persons to persons in occupations based on inventory profile score similarity. We examined the efficacy of the procedure for career specialty choice. Medical students (N = 196 women, 224 men) responded to the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) in their first year of training. After graduating and selecting a medical residency, members of a reference subgroup (n = 62) of the total sample were matched with members of a criterion subgroup (n = 358) based on 16PF score equivalencies determined by the D² statistic. Person matching predicted medical specialty choice 43-60% of the time. Using broader specialty group categories and adding criterion persons increased the number of specialty matches. Additional refinement and analysis should enhance the efficacy of this idiographic approach as an alternative to nomothetic P-E matching for career exploration. Future research should examine person matching in terms of consequential validity.     

Comparison of dual discrepancy criteria to assess response to intervention

Much of the research regarding diagnosing children as LD with responsiveness-to-intervention (RTI) has examined methods to identify children as non-responsive. The current study examined the dual discrepancy (DD) definition in which children score low on a post-intervention reading measure and score below their peers in reading growth rates. Four definitions of DD were compared, student growth below the 25th percentile, 33rd percentile, 50th percentile, and less than one standard deviation below the mean. Participants were 151 children in grades 1 through 3 who were identified as experiencing reading difficulties. Results suggested that the three percentile groups significantly differentiated reading scores between DD and non-DD children, but the one standard deviation group did not. No ethnic or gender biases were noted and the 25th and 33rd percentile criteria closely matched estimates of LD prevalence. Implications for future research are included.     

Are risk preferences consistent?: The influence of decision domain and personality

This paper examines the consistency of risk preferences across three decision domains important in most people’s lives: work, health and personal finance. We consider the degree to which the five factor model of personality and a range of factors that influence risk-related decision-making (perceived risk, framing, emotions and cost–benefit analysis) impact upon cross-domain consistency. Data were gathered from a sample of participants for whom approaches to risk were likely to vary (academics, chess players, firefighters, mountaineers and City traders). The results showed that participants could be categorised into two groups: those who were consistent in their risk preferences in three decision domains, and those who were inconsistent or domain-specific. The consistent group was significantly lower on neuroticism and higher on agreeableness and conscientiousness with a less variable approach to weighing up the costs and benefits of taking risks than the inconsistent group. The majority of the consistent group was risk averse.When the domain-specific risk preferences of the inconsistent group were examined, data showed that different combinations of personality and decision-making factors predicted risk preferences within each domain.     

卫生技术评估在医疗领域的开展

介绍了卫生技术评估的基本概念以及对医疗卫生领域的影响,并指出在开展评估过程中应注意的几个问题。     

两种世界观影响下的生涯咨询评估

自上世纪初逻辑实证主义影响下量的评估就一直在生涯咨询中占主导地位。近年来建构主义对生涯咨询的影响逐渐增加．质的评估越来越突出。文章立足于两种不同的世界观基础,比较了量和质的生涯评估模式及其特征,并探讨如何发展质的生涯评估过程。