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201.
为进一步探讨青少年受欺负与抑郁之间的关系,采用流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)和Olweus儿童欺负问卷(初中版)调查了城市初中生1485人(男生783人,女生702人)。结果表明:(1)受言语欺负的被试抑郁得分显著高于未受言语欺负的被试,受关系欺负的被试抑郁得分显著高于未受关系欺负的被试,受身体欺负的被试抑郁得分显著高于未受身体欺负的被试;(2)是否受关系欺负与是否受身体欺负之间存在显著的交互作用,具体来讲,对于未受关系欺负的被试组,受身体欺负和未受身体欺负的被试在抑郁得分上不存在显著差异,对于受关系欺负的被试组,受身体欺负的被试在抑郁得分上显著高于未受身体欺负的被试;(3)受欺负线性模型得到验证,即随着累积受欺负数量的增多,抑郁程度会呈现出线性函数的上升趋势。  相似文献   
202.
Tam and Watkins (1995b) explored the basis of self-concepts of physically disabled and nondisabled Hong Kong Chinese adults and developed the hierarchical multidimensional self-concept models. Two questionnaires that measure self-concept were developed and validated for those groups. The questionnaires share 41 common items in 6 self-concept areas. In the present study, the 2 groups' responses were compared via univariate analysis of variance. The nondisabled participants (n % 200) were found to have statistically significantly higher means than their disabled counterparts (n % 214) in total self-concept, material self-concepts, and physical self-concepts. There were no significant differences in their family, social, and work self-concepts. The nondisabled participants reported greater openness (indicated by higher self-criticism scores).  相似文献   
203.
204.
采用特拉华欺凌受害量表、病人健康问卷抑郁量表和广泛性焦虑量表对湖南省八个地区20所中学初一到高三3761名学生进行调查,探索学生欺凌受害模式,并对不同模式亚群体的人口学特点及其心理健康状况展开研究。结果发现:(1)校园欺凌中,言语欺凌、身体欺凌、关系欺凌、网络欺凌这四种常见欺凌类型具有较高的共发性,潜在剖面分析表明存在四种典型的校园欺凌受害模式:\"所有类型欺凌受害组\"(1.5%)、\"传统类型受害组\"(3.9%)、\"传统类型轻卷入组\"(14.9%)和\"未受害组\"(79.6%);(2)欺凌受害模式的人群分布受不同人口学特征(性别、年级、学校位置、自评学习成绩)的影响,男性、初中、乡村学校、成绩较差的学生更易受到欺凌;(3)即使是轻度的欺凌受害卷入,也会对个体心理健康产生较为严重的消极影响,对校园欺凌行为\"零容忍\"确有依据。  相似文献   
205.
纪林芹  魏星  陈亮  张文新 《心理学报》2012,44(11):1479-1489
采用整群抽样法选取1806名小学儿童(平均年龄11.27±0.36岁)为被试,考察同伴拒绝、侵害两种同伴关系不利与儿童攻击行为间的关系、以及儿童的自我概念与同伴信念在其中的中介作用.结果发现,(1)同伴拒绝、侵害与儿童的身体攻击、关系攻击显著正相关,与儿童的自我概念、同伴信念显著负相关,自我概念、同伴信念与两类攻击显著相关.(2)同伴拒绝、关系侵害对身体攻击和关系攻击具有正向预测作用;身体侵害仅对身体攻击具有正向预测作用,对关系攻击无显著影响.(3)儿童的身体自我概念、社交自我概念及同伴信念在同伴拒绝、同伴侵害与攻击的联系中具有中介作用.本研究结果表明,同伴拒绝对儿童的身体攻击、关系攻击主要表现为直接效应,不同类型的侵害经历与儿童攻击间的联系存在类型特定性.  相似文献   
206.
    
Aggressive behavior was studied in workplaces having (1) predominantly male, (2) predominantly female, or (3) both male and female employees in equal or near equal frequencies. In addition to examining the occurrence of different types of aggression in these workplaces, the question of whether being a target of aggression is related to employees’ subjective well‐being was addressed. One hundred sixty‐nine participants (mainly 30–50 years of age) employed in a wide range of organizations in the public sector completed a questionnaire measuring four types of observed and experienced aggression: direct overt, indirect manipulative, covert insinuative, and rational‐appearing aggression. Indirect manipulative and rational‐appearing aggression were perceived to be the most widely used aggression styles in the work context. In the predominantly male workplaces, the men were perceived to use more of all types of aggression than in the predominantly female workplaces. The women’s aggression was not related to the relative number of females and males with whom they worked. Participants were divided into two groups on the basis of the extent to which they estimated themselves to be targets of workplace aggression. Those who considered themselves to be victims of workplace aggression suffered significantly more from psychosocial problems and physical symptoms than those who had been victimized to a lesser extent or not at all. The victimized group also considered the aggression they had suffered to be the reason for their psychosocial and health problems. Aggr. Behav. 27:360–371, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.  相似文献   
207.
    
An experimental study was carried out among Turkish children (10 to 12 years) living in the Netherlands for examining the relationship between peer victimization and self‐esteem. Related to the social psychological distinction between personal and social identity, a distinction was made between personal and ethnic self‐esteem and between personal and ethnic victimization. It was found that personal self‐esteem negatively predicted personal victimization but not ethnic victimization, and ethnic self‐esteem tended to predict ethnic victimization but not personal victimization. Furthermore, peer victimization had a negative causal effect on momentary self‐feelings independent of the level of self‐esteem. In addition, peer victimization based on ethnic group membership had a somewhat stronger negative effect on self‐feelings than victimization based on personal characteristics. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
208.
    
In 1986 I began research to address the relationship between early child abuse and neglect and later deliquent and violent criminal behavior using a prospective cohort design. The relationship is not inevitable, suggesting an opportunity for long-range violence prevention through appropriate early intervention. Here, I briefly describe how childhood victimization and violent criminal behavior are related and illustrate a number of promising strategies and opportunities to intervene. Finally, I offer five principles to guide interventions: (1) the earlier the intervention, the better; (2) don't neglect neglected children; (3) one size does not fit all; (4) surveillance—a double-edged sword; and (5) accessibility to resources. Rather than focusing on responses to child abuse or neglect in court proceedings that “treat” offenders, primary prevention efforts should target childhood victims to reduce their risk of becoming offenders in the future.  相似文献   
209.
    
Art, as a symbolic expression, often reflects intrapsychic conflicts within the artist, and many of Tennessee Williams' plays contain themes of desperate loneliness, human disconnectedness, and victimization between the powerful and the weak. Williams' genius as a playwright did not save him from painful depression that contained the above themes. He described his internal conflict as a psychic split between identifications with his aggressive, alcoholic father and his sensitive, artistic Dakin (that is, maternal) roots. Of his plays A Streetcar Named Desire is one of the most compelling. This paper examines the Blanche/Stanley victim/victimizer paradigm as the dramatization of a core conflict within Williams. Using historical data from his biographies, the author attempts to explicate the hypothesis that in Williams a “Stanley” representation was in violent conflict with a “Blanche” representation. The author proposes that this conflict significantly shaped Williams' psychic organization and became a central and oft‐repeated theme in his art and his life. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
210.
This study examined factors that influence a student's decision to report being bullied at school. An anonymous survey of 2,437 students in six middle schools identified 898 students who had been bullied, including 25% who had not told anyone that they were bullied and 40% who had not told an adult about their victimization. We investigated chronicity and type of bullying, school climate, familial, demographic, and attitudinal factors that influenced victim reporting to anyone versus no one, to adults versus no one, and to adults versus peers. Logistic regression analyses indicated that reporting increased with the chronicity of victimization. Reporting was generally more frequent among girls than boys, and among lower grade levels. Students who perceived the school climate to be tolerant of bullying, and students who described their parents as using coercive discipline were less likely to report being bullied. Implications for improving victim reporting of bullying are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 30:373–388, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.  相似文献   
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