管理评价判断模型与策略获取

管理评价是在不确定情景中的一种多特征决策,非补偿策略是决策者所采用的主导判断模型。作为一种结构建模程序,策略捕捉可以建构包含决策标准及其权重的统计模型,获取决策内在过程和预测判断。多层线性模型能够方便地考察人内和人间变异,表征判断非线性结构,是分析策略捕捉数据的恰当方法。管理评价设计可以借鉴行为经济学和实验经济学的思路,实现对现实管理决策过程的抽象模拟。     

《中国大学生心理健康量表》的编制

本研究在文献研究、咨询案例分析、专家访谈和讨论、开放式问卷调查的基础上,采用实证法,编制了大学生心理健康量表,制定了全国大学生常模,并对其信度和效度进行了检验。结果表明:该量表具有良好的信度与效度,可以用于我国大学生心理健康水平的的检测。     

Taking theoretical risks in a world of directional predictions

As Meehl (1978) observed, one major reason for the painfully slow progress of soft psychology is our field’s heavy reliance on directional predictions, which leads to feeble tests of theories. In the present commentary, I outline six ways of taking theoretical risks in a world of directional predictions: (1) constructive replication of findings, (2) generating multiple maximally independent predictions, (3) adherence to the total evidence rule, (4) discriminant validation of measures, (5) incremental validation of measures, and (6) according attention to higher-order personality dimensions.     

Wofür sprechen die Daten?

What Do the Data Tell Us? Justification of scientific theories is a three-place relation between data, theories, and background knowledge. Though this should be a commonplace, many methodologies in science neglect it. The article will elucidate the significance and function of our background knowledge in epistemic justification and their consequences for different scientific methodologies. It is argued that there is no simple and at the same time acceptable statistical algorithm that justifies a given theory merely on the basis of certain data. And even if we think to know the probability of a theory, that does not decide whether we should accept it or not.     

对文件筐测验(I-B)在选拔高层经理人员中的实证研究

以中国联通辽宁省分公司地市级副总经理选拔中收集到的数据,通过尝试采用文件筐测验的新型计分技术,分析研究了文件筐测验的信度和敛度。结果表明,新型计分技术可以有效改进传统计分技术的一些缺点,体现了文件筐测验未来的计分发展方向;新型计分技术基础上的评分一致性信度较高;在与由笔试、结构化面试和无领导小组讨论综合确定的选拔结果的比较中,文件筐测验获得了较高的同时效度。同时．研究也对文件筐测验结构效度方面存在的问题进行了分析,并对文件筐测验的进一步研究提出了建议。     

内隐学习研究方法述评

内隐学习自提出以来就成为认知心理学研究的热点,近40年内隐学习领域的研究在本质上都基于几种经典的研究方法和实验逻辑。本文拟对这些代表性的内隐学习研究方法做系统的介绍和归纳。     

Psychometric properties of the mobility inventory for agoraphobia: convergent, discriminant, and criterion-related validity

Aims of this study were (a) to summarize the psychometric literature on the Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia (MIA), (b) to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the MIA's Avoidance Alone and Avoidance Accompanied rating scales relative to clinical severity ratings of anxiety disorders from the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS), and (c) to establish a cutoff score indicative of interviewers’ diagnosis of agoraphobia for the Avoidance Alone scale. A meta-analytic synthesis of 10 published studies yielded positive evidence for internal consistency and convergent and discriminant validity of the scales. Participants in the present study were 129 people with a diagnosis of panic disorder. Internal consistency was excellent for this sample, α = .95 for AAC and .96 for AAL. When the MIA scales were correlated with interviewer ratings, evidence for convergent and discriminant validity for AAL was strong (convergent r with agoraphobia severity ratings = .63 vs. discriminant rs of .10–.29 for other anxiety disorders) and more modest but still positive for AAC (.54 vs. .01–.37). Receiver operating curve analysis indicated that the optimal operating point for AAL as an indicator of ADIS agoraphobia diagnosis was 1.61, which yielded sensitivity of .87 and specificity of .73.     

Assessing the social acceptability of the functional analysis of problem behavior

Although the clinical utility of the functional analysis is well established, its social acceptability has received minimal attention. The current study assessed the social acceptability of functional analysis procedures among 10 parents and 3 teachers of children who had recently received functional analyses. Participants completed a 9-item questionnaire, and results suggested that functional analysis procedures were socially acceptable.     

Is Originality in the Eye of the Beholder? Comparison of Scoring Techniques in the Assessment of Divergent Thinking

Divergent thinking (DT) tests are among the most popular techniques for measuring creativity. However, the validity evidence for DT tests, as applied in educational settings, is inconsistent partly due to different scoring methods. This study explored the reliability and validity issues of various techniques for administering and scoring two DT tests. Results show distinct differences among several methods for scoring these DT tests and suggest that the percentage scoring method (i.e., dividing originality scores by fluency scores) may be the most appropriate scoring strategy. The potential impact on educational research and practice is discussed in detail.