Minorities and the Philosophical Marketplace

This article argues for two theses. The first is that many of the sociological factors endemic in the philosophical community function as barriers to the recruitment of members of minority groups in the profession and to their functioning as public intellectuals. The division into familial groups, the fights for security and success, and the weakness of the federal organization of the American Philosophical Association all contribute to these barriers. The second is that sociology has a place in philosophy, even though it should not be confused with it. This means that philosophers need to consider social phenomena.     

精加工推理中的文章结构清晰度效应

本研究旨在探讨文章结构清晰度对读者在阅读时所构建的精加工推理的水平和阶段的影响。研究采用让被试阅读后做推理测试题的方法 ,通过分析其答题成绩得出的结果表明 :文章的结构越清晰 ,越有利于读者在阅读的过程中进行精加工推理。     

Forming all pairs in a minimal number of steps

How can N individuals in a closed space meet and greet each other most efficiently? This paper presents a general solution to this problem—an algorithm or “dance” that will achieve universal pairing in the least possible number of moves or steps. A proof of the suggested algorithm is included, showing that it guarantees that every two participants will greet each other once and only once, and that no procedure with this property can be accomplished with fewer steps. Slightly different procedures are required for the odd and even cases. The algorithm has been applied in classroom settings, and could be applied in any social setting where the objective is to initiate efficiently a sense of group cohesion and common purpose.     

THE POWER OF RELIGIOUS NATURALISM IN KARL PETERS'S DANCING WITH THE SACRED

Abstract. This essay is an appreciative engagement with Karl Peters's Dancing with the Sacred (2002). Peters achieves a naturalistic theology of great power. Two themes are covered here. The first is how Peters gives ontological footing for a naturalistic conception of God conceived as the process of creativity in nature. Peters achieves this by conceiving creativity in terms of Darwinian random variation and natural selection combined with the notion of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. He gives ontological reference for a conception of God similar to Henry Nelson Wieman's idea of creative transformation. The second theme is how Peters succeeds in translating this nonpersonal conception of God into a powerful view of naturalistic religion that can shape a religious form of life. The key is that Peters's God can be understood as present in experience. Peters provides naturalistic interpretations of grace and the cruciform structure of creativity; the latter addresses the problem of evil in a nuanced fashion. I conclude with three critical comments about Peters's environmental ethics, his use of the notion of mystery, and his failure to have a robust conception of human fault or sin.     

完善我国ART机构伦理委员会结构和规模的构想

建立结构合理、规模适当的ART机构伦理委员会是有效发挥作用的基本要求和必备条件.针对存在的问题,根据委员会履行职责的需要,建议参照国际惯例,结合实际,制订我国ART机构伦理委员会结构和规模的标准或规范.     

Visual Perception in Japanese Rock Garden Design

We present an investigation into the relation between design principles in Japanese gardens, and their associated perceptual effects. This leads to the realization that a set of design principles described in a Japanese gardening text by Shingen (1466), shows many parallels to the visual effects of perceptual grouping, studied by the Gestalt school of psychology. Guidelines for composition of rock clusters closely relate to perception of visual figure. Garden design elements are arranged into patterns that simplify figure-ground segmentation, while seemingly balancing the visual salience of subparts and the global arrangement. Visual ‘ground’ is analyzed via medial axis transformation (MAT), often associated with shape perception in humans. MAT analysis reveals implicit structure in the visual ground of a quintessential rock garden design. The MAT structure enables formal comparison of structure of figure and ground. They share some aesthetic qualities, with interesting differences. Both contain naturalistic asymmetric, self-similar, branching structures. While the branching pattern of the ground converges towards the viewer, that of the figure converges in the opposite direction.     

大学生孤独感结构特点的初步研究

采用自编的大学生孤独感结构问卷,对大学生孤独感结构的特点进行了初步研究,结果表明：大学生孤独感与其自我同一性发展有关系;大学生在孤独感结构问卷的各维度和总分上的得分存在性别、生源、学科门类、学历层次、年级、学校性质等人口学变量上的差异,但差异的表现是复杂多样的;大学生孤独感并不总是消极的,更多的大学生认为适度的孤独感可以为其提供动力,因而也具有积极意义。     

组织伦理略论

组织伦理是组织之中蕴含的伦理道德价值观念。合理的伦理道德价值观念对于组织具有重要的意义,它有利于组织的运作和控制,有利于加强组织的团结与凝聚作用、对组织成员的激励与振奋作用;能够塑造组织形象,提升组织的社会地位;能够提高组织绩效。在抽象的思维中,组织伦理可以分为组织设计伦理和组织结构伦理,其具体内容包括:分工合理,用人公平;不损其他,遵守底线;义利并重,奉献社会;服务大众,集体优先。     

文本组织和结构化水平对中文信息搜索的影响

以高结构化中文信息为实验材料,探讨文本组织和结构化水平对信息搜索的影响。以文本组织形式为自变量,以材料的结构化水平为控制变量,以搜索时间和迷路指数为因变量。结果发现：线性文本的搜索时间显著长于低层次的超文本,但迷路程度显著低于所有类型的超文本;3种超文本无显著差异;对层次型超文本来说,4层次的搜索时问显著短于11层次。综合以前研究的结果提出,信息结构化水平虽然对层次深度的效应具有调制作用,但并不是影响超文本信息搜索的最主要因素。     

古代中国人人格结构的因素探析

以古代典籍《史记》为材料,按词汇法构建了具有相当信度和效度的古代中国人人格描述词单,施测于118名专家及研究生,令他们对《史记》中记载的102名古代中国人作评定,经由因素分析获取了以仁为核心,由仁、智、勇、隐4个因素组成的古代中国人人格维度。进而用内容分析的方法验证了该维度的稳定性,并结合中国传统哲学思想,对仁、智、勇、隐4个因素的内涵作了深入的剖析和阐释。