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211.
利用计算机构造被试总体、模拟实验研究程序进行抽样研究,探讨抽样样本总体达到t检验显著性的数目与统计检验能力之间的一致性。模拟实验结果表明,统计检验能力与样本总体t检验显著性的数目具有很高的一致性,但两者同时受到显著性水平α、样本客量n和总体效果大小δ的影响,从而有可能影响统计推断的可靠性。因此,在进行显著性检验过程中,应对统计检验能力进行估计,这将有利于心理学研究成果的积累。 相似文献
212.
内隐和外显记忆测验的信度比较研究及思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
任务分离的实验范式以功能分离和随机独立性等证据说明不同记忆任务的底层系统或加工机制。近期研究发现,两种记忆测量重测信度、复本信度和分半信度差异显著,内隐测验的信度更低一些,因而对变量效果缺乏足够的敏感性。两种测验信度差异对任务分离提出了区别于系统说或加工观点的另外解释。以后在研究外显和内隐记忆分离的时候应该慎重考虑测验信度的检验问题,还应通过各种方法来提高内隐记忆测验的信度,使两种记忆测验的信度具有可比性。 相似文献
213.
Athanassios Tzouvaras 《Studia Logica》2005,80(1):121-141
We show that the notion of cardinality of a set is independent from that of wellordering, and that reasonable total notions of cardinality exist in every model of ZF where the axiom of choice fails. Such notions are either definable in a simple and natural way, or non-definable, produced by forcing. Analogous cardinality notions exist in nonstandard models of arithmetic admitting nontrivial automorphisms. Certain motivating phenomena from quantum mechanics are also discussed in the Appendix. 相似文献
214.
Timothy Sansbury 《Zygon》2007,42(1):111-122
The causal indeterminacy suggested by quantum mechanics has led to its being the centerpiece of several proposals for divine action that does not contradict natural laws. However, even if the theoretical concerns about the reality of causal indeterminacy are ignored, quantum‐level divine action fails to resolve the problem of ongoing, responsive divine activity. This is because most quantum‐level actions require a significant period of time in order to reach macroscopic levels whether via chaotic amplification or complete divine control of quantum events. Therefore, quantum‐level divine action either requires divine foreknowledge of purportedly free or random events or imposes such limitations on divine actions that they become late, potentially impotent, and confused. I argue that the theological problem of divine action remains; even at its most promising, quantum mechanics offers insufficient resolution. This failure suggests a reexamination of the assumptions that God is temporal and lacks foreknowledge of future contingencies. 相似文献
215.
216.
Doug Alards-Tomalin Nicholaus P. Brosowsky Todd A. Mondor 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2017,29(8):977-987
Statistical learning is a general phenomenon in which environmental regularities are implicitly acquired through repeated exposure to those environments. Sometimes, that information can be utilised to affect various aspects of cognitive performance (e.g. reaction time) on tasks that utilise selective attention (e.g. visual search). In the current study, we examined the effect of passively listening to predictive auditory contexts in facilitating attention to a certain frequency or frequency range. In doing so, we found that there is a general tendency for attentional resources to be negatively affected when the context sequences are made novel after context–target associations have been formed (Experiment 1), and when the context no longer reliably cues the previous target (Experiment 2). The experiments are framed to contrast Associative Learning and Memory Hypothesis perspectives. 相似文献
217.
Robert John Russell 《Theology & Science》2017,15(4):401-410
Russell's paper explores the astonishing fruitfulness of Nancey Murphy’s use of Imre Lakatos’s philosophy of science in the field of “theology and science.” Murphy’s work can be used to choose between competing theologies according to the theologians’ willingness to engage with science, their ability to continue the engagement as scientific theories change, and their ability to make empirical predictions based on this engagement. Topics range from creation and cosmology, the “cosmic Christ”, and non-interventionist objective divine action in quantum mechanics and evolution. Russell has followed Murphy’s lead and used Lakatos to place theology and science into “creative mutual interaction” (CMI). 相似文献
218.
Stuart Kauffman 《Theology & Science》2017,15(3):235-248
Newton became a death knell for a theistic God and for a non-epiphenominal mind. The culprit is the deterministic causal closure of classical physics. Two major revolutions are taking us beyond this closure. The first is Quantum Mechanics, which is non-deterministic. The second revolution may just be happening. The emergence and evolution of life in our or any biosphere is governed by no law at all. This freedom suggests one sense of God as the natural creativity of the Universe. 相似文献
219.
Statistical language learning: mechanisms and constraints 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jenny R. Saffran 《Current directions in psychological science》2003,12(4):110-114
What types of mechanisms underlie the acquisition of human language? Recent evidence suggests that learners, including infants, can use statistical properties of linguistic input to discover structure, including sound patterns, words, and the beginnings of grammar. These abilities appear to be both powerful and constrained, such that some statistical patterns are more readily detected and used than others. Implications for the structure of human languages are discussed. 相似文献
220.
Lauren L. Emberson Jennifer B. Misyak Jennifer A. Schwade Morten H. Christiansen Michael H. Goldstein 《Developmental science》2019,22(6)
Statistical learning (SL), sensitivity to probabilistic regularities in sensory input, has been widely implicated in cognitive and perceptual development. Little is known, however, about the underlying mechanisms of SL and whether they undergo developmental change. One way to approach these questions is to compare SL across perceptual modalities. While a decade of research has compared auditory and visual SL in adults, we present the first direct comparison of visual and auditory SL in infants (8–10 months). Learning was evidenced in both perceptual modalities but with opposite directions of preference: Infants in the auditory condition displayed a novelty preference, while infants in the visual condition showed a familiarity preference. Interpreting these results within the Hunter and Ames model (1988), where familiarity preferences reflect a weaker stage of encoding than novelty preferences, we conclude that there is weaker learning in the visual modality than the auditory modality for this age. In addition, we found evidence of different developmental trajectories across modalities: Auditory SL increased while visual SL did not change for this age range. The results suggest that SL is not an abstract, amodal ability; for the types of stimuli and statistics tested, we find that auditory SL precedes the development of visual SL and is consistent with recent work comparing SL across modalities in older children. 相似文献