春秋战国齐金文字体研究

春秋战国是汉字字体由篆到隶的重要时期,齐金文素以其精严整饬的美化藻饰体著称,但这只是其字体演变中的一个环节。齐金文字体演变在书写便捷的原动力下,通过体势趋扁趋方打破篆体长圆体势,通过短直的笔画分解篆体圆转的笔画,与其他地域的金文字体一起推动了汉字字体的演变,并以其鲜明的地域个性丰富了汉字字体面貌。     

语言功能偏侧化及其与利手、功能连接的关系

对大脑语言功能偏侧化的探索起始于早期对脑损伤病人的研究。现代脑影像学研究发现, 语言功能偏侧化涉及额叶、颞叶、扣带回、梭状回和辅助运动区等脑区。语言偏侧化与利手和静息态功能连接之间的关系表现为：右利手的语言优势位于左半球, 而左利手的则分布在左半球、右半球或两个半球; 语言功能偏侧化与利手系数、静息态半球内功能连接之间具有正相关关系, 与半球间功能连接呈负相关, 并且语言功能偏侧化与静息态功能连接之间的关系在左右利手个体之间存在差异。总之, 大脑语言功能偏侧化、利手和静息态功能连接三者之间存在相互影响, 基于脑连接和遗传机制的研究将有望揭示出其底层的神经生理机制。     

焦虑和抑郁对正负性注意偏向的影响：注意控制的中介作用

采用状态-特质焦虑量表、流调抑郁量表、注意控制量表和正负性信息注意量表,对481名在校大学生进行调查研究,考察了焦虑、抑郁对注意偏向的影响,并探讨了注意控制在其中的中介作用。研究发现：（1）正性注意偏向与注意控制呈正相关,与状态焦虑、特质焦虑和流调抑郁呈负相关;负性注意偏向与注意控制呈负相关,与状态焦虑、特质焦虑和流调抑郁呈正相关。（2）特质焦虑、注意集中、注意转移可显著预测正性注意偏向,状态焦虑、流调抑郁和注意集中则显著预测负性注意偏向。（3）注意转移和注意集中中介了状态焦虑、特质焦虑、流调抑郁和正、负性注意偏向间的关系。研究提示注意控制是一个重要的保护性因素,可缓解或消除焦虑和抑郁对注意偏向的负面影响。     

Novel metaphors appear anomalous at least momentarily: evidence from N400

This study addresses a central question in perception of novel figurative language: whether it is interpreted intelligently and figuratively immediately, or only after a literal interpretation fails. Eighty sentence frames that could plausibly end with a literal, truly anomalous, or figurative word were created. After validation for meaningfulness and figurativeness, the 240 sentences were presented to 11 subjects for event related potential (ERP) recording. ERP's first 200 ms is believed to reflect the structuring of the input; the prominence of a dip at around 400 ms (N400) is said to relate inversely to how expected a word is. Results showed no difference between anomalous and metaphoric ERPs in the early window, metaphoric and literal ERPs converging 300-500 ms after the ending, and significant N400s only for anomalous endings. A follow-up study showed that the metaphoric endings were less frequent (in standardized word norms) than were the anomalous and literal endings and that there were significant differences in cloze probabilities (determined from 24 new subjects) among the three ending types: literal > metaphoric > anomalous. It is possible that the low frequency of the metaphoric element and lower cloze probability of the anomalous one contributed to the processes reflected in the early window, while the incongruity and near-zero cloze probability of the anomalous endings produced an N400 effect in them alone. The structure or parse derived for metaphor during the early window appears to yield a preliminary interpretation suggesting anomaly, while semantic analysis reflected in the later window renders a plausible figurative interpretation.     

变性术后患者心理状况的影响因素分析及对策

变性术后的患者是个特殊的弱势群体,心理问题非常突出,它是生理、个人、家庭、社会等多种因素交互影响的结果;因此,通过社会、家庭及个体的共同努力,帮助其建立良好的个体心理模式,稳定其心理状态,可促进其心理的健康发展,这对于变性手术的成功和帮助变性后患者重新走向社会有重要意义。     

无意识活动与静息态脑能量消耗

静息态脑活动的研究关注个体在清醒、静卧、闭眼时脑的活动情况,大量实验证明静息状态下大脑仍进行着持续不断的信息加工活动,并且消耗大量能量。本文在阐述无意识活动特性以及总结静息态脑能量消耗研究的基础上,提出用无意识活动解释静息态脑能量消耗的观点,强调在研究无意识活动的心理意义的同时,还要研究无意识活动的神经机制及其生理表现。     

I know you are not looking at me: capuchin monkeys’ (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cebus apella</Emphasis>) sensitivity to human attentional states

The present study asked whether capuchin monkeys recognize human attentional states. The monkeys requested food from the experimenter by extending an arm (pointing) toward the baited one of two transparent cups. On regular trials the experimenter gave the food immediately to the monkeys upon pointing but on randomly inserted test trials she ignored the pointing for 5 s during which she displayed different attentional states. The monkeys looked at the experimenter's face longer when she looked at the monkeys than when she looked at the ceiling in Experiment 1, and longer when she oriented her head midway between the two cups with eyes open than when she did so with eyes closed in Experiment 2. However, the monkeys showed no differential pointing in these conditions. These results suggest that capuchins are sensitive to eye direction but this sensitivity does not lead to differential pointing trained in laboratory experiments. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first firm behavioral evidence that non-human primates attend to the subtle states of eyes in a food requesting task.     

具有认知诊断功能的计算机化自适应测验的研究与实现

构造具有认知诊断功能的计算机化自适应测验（Computerized Adaptive Testing,CAT）,关键在于设计不同于传统CAT的选题策略。本文采用先认知诊断后估计能力的方法,在诊断阶段用状态转换图描述特定认知领域中所有知识状态及这些状态之间的联系,以图的深度优先算法为基础设计选题策略;而在能力估计精细化阶段,每个被试所测项目,不仅与其能力估计值相匹配,且只与其所掌握的属性相关。本文采用蒙特卡罗模拟针对三种不同的属性结构进行试验,结果良好     

中医望诊中眼神跟踪与分析综述

望诊是中医四诊中的一种,也是中医查病的第一步。而眼睛是心灵的窗户,医师通过望眼神能够诊测一个人的身体健康状况,眼睛与身体的对应有众多说法,如"五轮八廓"等,因此眼神的跟踪与分析对于中医望诊十分重要。使用电脑对眼神的进行自动跟踪首先需要进行眼睛各部位的精确定位,包括眼皮、眼角、白睛、眼结膜、虹膜、瞳孔以及眼袋等;接着需要对眼睛的动作进行跟踪,包括眼球的转动、瞳孔的放缩等。对眼神的分析在定位与跟踪之后,由眼球各部分的形状、颜色、移动速度等信息结合相应的规则对病位、病性作出判断。本文综述了中医中望眼的一些经验总结,并给出了目前用于眼睛定位、跟踪的算法与思路。     

植物状态的残存脑功能和意识研究

综述了有关植物状态患者对外加刺激脑反应的功能成像研究文献,着重讨论了研究发现的非典型激活的临床价值以及植物状态患者是否存在意识的功能脑成像证据。