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781.
Jussi Suikkanen 《Philosophia》2008,36(1):141-150
Rule-consequentialists tend to argue for their normative theory by claiming that their view matches our moral convictions just as well as a pluralist set of Rossian duties. As an additional advantage, rule-consequentialism offers a unifying justification for these duties. I challenge the first part of the ruleconsequentialist argument and show that Rossian duties match our moral convictions better than the rule-consequentialist principles. I ask the rule-consequentialists a simple question. In the case that circumstances change, is the wrongness of acts determined by the ideal principles for the earlier circumstances or by the ideal ones for the new circumstances? I argue that whichever answer the rule-consequentialists give the view leads to normative conclusions that conflict with our moral intuitions. Because some set of Rossian duties can avoid similar problems, rule-consequentialism fails in the reflective equilibrium test advocated by the rule-consequentialists. 相似文献
782.
Sanford Goldberg 《Erkenntnis》2008,69(2):165-187
Frege’s ‘differential dubitability’ test is a test for differences in cognitive value: if one can rationally believe that
p while simultaneously doubting that q, then the contents p and q amount to different ‘cognitive values’. If subject S is rational, does her simultaneous adoption of different attitudes towards p and q require that the difference between p and q (as cognitive values) be transparent to her? It is natural to think so. But I argue that, if attitude anti-individualism
is true, then rational differential dubitability does not presuppose that differences in cognitive value are transparent.
The significance of this argument lies in what it tells us, both about the notion of cognitive value and its relation to the
differential dubitability test, but also about the prospects for a Burge-type position which aims to combine attitude anti-individualism
with a (qualified) reliance on the differential dubitability test.
相似文献
Sanford GoldbergEmail: |
783.
结构方程模型中调节效应的标准化估计 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
回归分析和结构方程分析中,标准化估计对解释模型和比较效应大小有重要作用。对于调节效应模型(或交互效应模型),通常的标准化估计没有意义。虽然显变量的调节效应模型标准化估计问题已经解决,但潜变量的调节效应模型标准化估计问题复杂得多。本文先介绍回归分析中显变量调节效应模型的标准化估计,然后提出了一种通过参数的原始估计和通常标准化估计来计算潜变量调节效应模型的“标准化”估计的方法,得到的“标准化”估计是尺度不变的,说明可以用“标准化”估计来解释和比较主效应和调节效应 相似文献
784.
对需行食管癌手术的418例患者行术前静态肺功能检查后,按第一秒用力呼气量占预计值百分比(FEV1%)分为两组:肺功能正常组(NPF)和低肺功能组(LPF)。NPF组直接手术治疗,LPF组补充登楼试验,选择部分患者经术前功能锻炼后手术治疗,观察两组的临床情况。静态肺功能测定结果较差而进行登楼试验筛选后的部分患者可以通过功能锻炼提高心肺功能储备,从而能够接受手术治疗。 相似文献
785.
The aim of this study was to examine third-graders’ test situations such as they appeared in the day-to-day functioning of the school. The research was ethnographic, focusing on the test situations of one third-grade class in the mother tongue and mathematics during one school year. Our analyses suggest that third-graders no longer see the test practices as objects of learning but rather as a familiar part of their everyday schoolwork. The test-taking practices have been mastered, but preparation for the test still needs to be emphasized and practised. And, according to our findings, cheating is an object of practice as well. To third-graders, test situations appear as ‘real tests’: the evaluative import of these situations seems clear to them. The teacher and the school institution reach for maximal proficiency and performance so as bring out the pupils’ ‘pure’ ability and performance in the class test. The class teacher must deal with the ever-strengthening evaluative significance of the test in relation to both the pupils and the school administration: we find that in the test situation the class teacher creates a social-psychological we-group—an alliance of the teacher and the pupils versus the test writer—as comes out particularly clearly in connection with national tests. The findings of the study are discussed with special reference to the ways in which the class test constructs the selective-restrictive sphere of education. 相似文献
786.
This paper uses chronic beryllium disease as a case study to explore some of the challenges for decision-making and some of
the problems for obtaining meaningful informed consent when the interpretation of screening results is complicated by their
probabilistic nature and is clouded by empirical uncertainty. Although avoidance of further beryllium exposure might seem
prudent for any individual whose test results suggest heightened disease risk, we will argue that such a clinical precautionary
approach is likely to be a mistake. Instead, advice on the interpretation of screening results must focus not on risk per
se, but on avoidable risk, and must be carefully tailored to the individual. These points are of importance for individual
decision-making, for informed consent, and for occupational health.
相似文献
Mark GreeneEmail: |
787.
《Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations》2008,14(2):157-173
The present study was designed to obtain validity estimates for a role-play test. Participants were 125 french Navy officers who were rated by a pool of professional assessors and psychologists. All the assessors received reccurring training sessions, focusing on the behavioral checklist, on rating errors, and on share frame of reference. The assessment procedure included role play exercise, cognitive ability scale (g factor) and personality scale (big five factors). First, exploratory factor analyses were conducted on the data gathered, and four factors were identified (authoritarianism, oral communication, consideration with others and frankness). In a nomological perspective, we also analysed the links between the exercises dimensions, personality inventorie and intelligence scale. The findings suggest that role play dimension, personality and intelligence seem to measure different thinks. 相似文献
788.
789.
790.
成就目标定向、测验焦虑与工作记忆的关系 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
在工作记忆广度测验情境下,以152名中学生为被试,考察成就目标定向、测验焦虑和工作记忆的关系。结果表明四种成就目标定向与测验焦虑和工作记忆间具有不同的关系模式:成绩-接近目标与较低的测验焦虑水平和较高的工作记忆广度相关;掌握-接近目标与担忧、情绪化,与工作记忆广度相关不显著;成绩-回避目标与测验焦虑中的担忧和情绪化正相关,与工作记忆广度负相关;掌握-回避目标与担忧和情绪化存在正相关,与工作记忆广度存在接近显著的相关。测验焦虑是成绩-接近和成绩-回避目标影响工作记忆的中介变量。在测验焦虑中,情绪化对工作记忆的干扰大于担忧的干扰 相似文献