垂直等值的应用及最新发展述评

由于实际的需求,垂直等值方法在近些年来迅速发展。但从垂直等值方法的整个过程来看,包括垂直等值的选用、双向细目编制、发展性量尺的构建、程序的选择和结果的报告,仍存在大量有待解决的问题。同时,随着其他测量方法的发展与进步,垂直等值与之相结合从而获得了进一步的完善。综观之,垂直等值方法的发展与完善,一方面依赖于各种模型和参数估计方法的改进与创新,另一方面还依赖于研究者对学业发展本质的不断深入认识。     

急性冠脉综合征患者血液Rho激酶活性分析

探讨 Rho 激酶（ROCK）活性与急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者冠状动脉狭窄程度及预后的关系。选取2012年6月至2013年3月住院的129例患者,其中急性心肌梗死（AMI）组68例、不稳定型心绞痛（UA）组30例、对照（CON ）组31例。Western Blot 检测血液白细胞中 ROCK 、ROCK1、ROCK2活性,同时根据冠状动脉的狭窄程度及是否发生心血管意外分组再次比较。 AMI 组和 UA 组 ROCK 、ROCK1、ROCK2活性均增高;且 AMI 组高于 UA 组;三支、双支、单支病变组活性依次减低,Gensini 评分≥20分组及发生心血管意外组均高于 Gensini 评分＜20分组及未发生心血管意外组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。 ROCK 活性可能对 ACS 患者预后观察、评估有重要意义。     

地佐辛混合液对预防腭咽成形术苏醒期不良反应观察

比较应用芬太尼和地佐辛在预防腭咽成形术苏醒期,因疼痛以及口咽部呼吸道梗阻引起的患者躁动,恶心呕吐等不良反应情况,寻找最佳药物以及方法组合。200例美国麻醉师协会（ASA）分级I级～Ⅱ级患者,随机分为A、B、C、D四组,给药时间均为手术结束前15分钟,A组：单次静注芬太尼0．1μg·kg^-1;B组单次静注地佐辛0．1mg·kg^-1;C组单次静注地佐辛0．1mg·kg^-1＋氟哌利多2．5mg;D组单次静注地佐辛0．1mg·kg^-1＋氟哌利多2．5mg＋伤口涂抹复方利多卡因乳膏。记录患者苏醒时间,拔管后呼吸抑制,恶心呕吐等情况。结果D组出现恶心呕吐、头痛头晕例数明显少于A、B、C三组（P〈o．05）。手术结束前15分钟单次静注地佐辛O．1mg·kg^-1＋氟哌利多2．5mg＋伤口涂抹复方利多卡因乳膏,对于有效预防腭咽成形术苏醒期疼痛、恶心呕吐、头痛以及躁动是有效的。     

达标心率对缺血型心肌病和扩张型心肌病患者的影响

为观察达标心率对缺血型心肌病（ICM）和扩张型心肌病（DCM）患者预后的影响,所有入选ICM和DCM患者均给予常规抗心力衰竭药物及β受体阻滞剂（β-b）治疗,使心率维持于55次/分~60次/分,观察随访1年时的病死率、再入院率、舒张末期左室内径（LVEDd）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、氨基末端脑利钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）水平来评估二者的预后。结果显示,随访结束时ICM患者较DCM患者再入院率低（P=0.037）,LVEDd低（P=0.034）,LVEF高（P=0.028）,收缩压高（P=0.029）;对于ICM患者,随访结束时较出院时LVEDd低（P=0.047）,LVEF高（P=0.018）,收缩压高（P=0.042）。因此,心率达标对ICM患者有助于改善预后,对DCM患者改善不明显,ICM患者心率达标时获益更大。     

The Flynn effect,group differences,and g loadings

Flynn effect gains are predominantly driven by environmental factors. Might these factors also be responsible for group differences in intelligence? Group differences in intelligence have been clearly shown to strongly correlate with g loadings. The empirical studies on whether the pattern of Flynn effect gains is the same as the pattern of group differences yield conflicting findings. We present new evidence on the topic using a number of datasets from the US and the Netherlands. Score gains and g loadings showed a small negative average correlation. The general picture is now that there is a small, negative correlation between g loadings and Flynn effect gains. It appears that the Flynn effect and group differences have different causes.     

Personality trait change and life satisfaction in adults: The roles of age and hedonic balance

This paper examines whether changes in personality traits influenced life satisfaction (LS). This involved investigating whether these associations were moderated by age and mediated by hedonic balance (i.e., positive and negative affect). Participants included 11,104 Australian adults aged 18–79 years, with data available from two time points (baseline and 4-year follow up). Latent difference score modeling indicated that increased neuroticism was associated with lower LS, whereas increased extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were associated with higher LS. These relationships were moderated by age, and were less evident in older adults. Hedonic balance partially mediated the relationships between change in neuroticism and extraversion with LS. These findings provide important insights into longitudinal associations between personality change and LS.     

Examining methodological variation in response inhibition: The effects of outcome measures and task characteristics on age-related differences

This study addressed methodological issues common to developmental studies on response inhibition. Age-related differences were investigated using two Stroop-like tasks with different levels of complexity and comparing different outcome measures in a sample of 340 children and adolescents aged 7–15 years. First, speed and accuracy of task performance were examined; the results showing that improvement in speed continued until age 13 in both the basic naming task and the two inhibition tasks. Improvement in accuracy was less consistent and continued until age 9 or 13 years. Second, two different algorithms were employed to control for the effects of basic processes in inhibition tasks. The difference algorithm indicated age-related differences similar to those for speed. The ratio algorithm, however, suggested earlier deceleration of development of response inhibition at 9 or 11 years of age. Factors related to the cognitive requirements and presented stimuli also had an effect on the results. The present findings shed light on the inconsistencies in the developmental studies of response inhibition and demonstrated that the selection of outcome measures and task characteristics are critical because they affect the way development is depicted.     

BODE指数评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者戒烟效果的研究

采用BODE评分系统评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的戒烟效果.248例吸烟的稳定期COPD患者进行随机分组,一组除常规治疗外给予戒烟干预(即戒烟组),一组给予常规治疗(即对照组).所有患者在入组时和观察结束时均给予肺功能检测、六分钟步行试验(6MWT)、呼吸困难评分(mMRC)、测量身高和体重,观察各指标的变化情况.至1年观察结束时,戒烟组和对照组在BMI(26.70±3.74 vs.25.17±3.63)、FEV1％pred (50.29±12.54 vs.46.68±15.37)、mMRC(1.64±0.90 vs.2.53±1.07)、6MWD(306.84±27.71 vs.257.84士30.34)方面分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);戒烟组患者研究结束时除FEV1％ pred之外,其余观察指标BMI(26.70±3.74 vs.23.11±3.51)、mMRC (1.64士0.90 vs.2.18士0.91)、6MWD(306.84±27.71 vs.281.15±32.40)与基线值比较均有所改善(P＜0.05);对照组患者研究结束时除BMI之外,其余观察指标FEV1％ pred(46.68±15.37 vs.51.91±17.22)、mMRC(2.53士1.07 vs.2.01±0.97)、6MWD(257.84±309.34 vs.285.14±30.98)与基线值相比均有所下降(P＜0.05).COPD患者戒烟后其BODE评分系统中包括体重指数、肺功能指标、呼吸困难程度和运动能力在内的各个因素均得到一定程度的改善,生活质量显著提高.     

关于我国器官捐献立法前提性问题探讨

在综合考察各国立法和我国地方立法的基础上,对我国器官捐献立法的一些前提性问题进行探讨:明确死亡标准,建立合理的器官捐献激励机制,明确器官捐献的法律责任和追究机制,确立“指定同意”模式为基本原则,构建适应我国国情和文化背景的器官捐献立法体系,以切实加强对我国器官捐献的规范化管理.     

Psychological components of responses to interest inventory items

This study tests the relevance of 10 psychological traits that are assumed to exemplify responses to the items of INFORIZON, an occupational interest inventory. To accomplish this goal, the author analyzed the responses to the interest items based on a sample of 824 participants (17–25 years old), with an assessment of the items based on psychological traits using another French sample (147 participants) in the same age category. The results of multiple linear regression analyses supported most of the hypotheses presented in this study.