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981.
A team of philosophers and scientists at Dartmouth College worked for three years to create, train faculty and pilot test
an adequate and exportable class in research methods for graduate students of science and engineering. Developing and testing
methods for evaluating students’ progress in learning research ethics were part of the project goals. Failure of methods tried
in the first year led to the refinement of methods for the second year. These were used successfully in the pilot course and
in one university setting external to Dartmouth. The process of development and justification for the final methods are discussed
here. 相似文献
982.
Unique ethical problems in information technology 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Professor Walter Maner 《Science and engineering ethics》1996,2(2):137-154
A distinction is made between moral indoctrination and instruction in ethics. It is argued that the legitimate and important
field of computer ethics should not be permitted to become mere moral indoctrination. Computer ethics is an academic field
in its own right with unique ethical issues that would not have existed if computer technology had not been invented. Several
example issues are presented to illustrate this point. The failure to find satisfactory non-computer analogies testifies to
the uniqueness of computer ethics. Lack of an effective analogy forces us to discover new moral values, formulate new moral
principles, develop new policies, and find new ways to think about the issues presented to us. For all of these reasons, the
kind of issues presented deserve to be addressed separately from others that might at first appear similar. At the very least,
they have been so transformed by computing technology that their altered form demands special attention. 相似文献
983.
Edmund L. Erde 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》1995,16(3):239-252
I assess the ethical content of Philip Roth's account of his father's final years with, and death from, a tumor. I apply this to criticisms of the nature and content of case reports in medicine. I also draw some implications about modernism, postmodernism and narrative understandings.A version of the first two sections of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Health and Human Values November 6, 1993, Washington, D.C. 相似文献
984.
Authorship on publications has been described as a “meal ticket” for researchers in academic settings. Given the importance
of authorship, inappropriate publication credit is a pertinent ethical issue. This paper presents an overview of authorship
problems and policies intended to address them. Previous work has identified three types of inappropriate authorship practices:
plagiarism, giving unwarranted credit and failure to give expected credit. Guidelines from universities, journals and professional
organizations provide standards about requirements of authors and may describe inappropriate practices; to a lesser extent,
they provide guidance for determining authorship order. While policies on authorship may be helpful in some circumstances,
they are not panaceas. Formal guidelines may not address serious power imbalances in working relationships and may be difficult
to enforce in the face of particular departmental or institutional cultures. In order to develop more effective and useful
guidelines, we should gain more knowledge about how students and faculty members perceive policies as well as their understanding
of how policies will best benefit collaborators. 相似文献
985.
Professor Robert E. McGinn 《Science and engineering ethics》1995,1(3):217-230
This essay explores the issue of the moral rights of engineers. An historical case study is presented in which an accomplished,
loyal, senior engineer was apparently wronged as a result of actions taken by his employer in pursuit of legitimate business
interests. Belief that the engineer was wronged is justified by showing that what happened to him violated what can validly
be termed one of his moral rights as an engineer: the right to reputational fairness. It is then argued that, this right notwithstanding,
under certain circumstances it is morally permissible for employers to override it. The paper concludes by identifying two
complementary facets of this right, discussing its scope, and indicating what is required of employers obliged to respect
it in two types of action contexts.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for the History of Technology in Washington,
D.C. on October 16, 1993. I am indebted to Stephanie J. Bird, Taft Broome, Deborah Johnson, Carl Mitcham, Walter Vincenti,
Vivian Weil, and Caroline Whitbeck for helpful critical comments.
Professor of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management and, by courtesy, of Civil Engineering, and in the Program
in Science, Technology, and Society, School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-2120. 相似文献
986.
James M. Gustafson 《Zygon》1995,30(2):221-226
Abstract. All three articles properly locate my work as interactive between the sciences on the one hand and theology and ethics on the other. They disagree on whether tradition, science, or experience “trumps” the others when they conflict; Beckley shows the importance of tradition, which is slighted by the other two. Comments on each article indicate where further discussion is needed and where I have learned from the authors or agree with them. 相似文献
987.
Herbert W. Simons 《Argumentation》1995,9(1):225-250
In the face of widespread cynicism as regards the possibilities for reasoned and reasonable adjudication of ethical differences in the postmodern age, this essay proposes a dialogic, reconstructive rhetoric as a vehicle for jointly arguing about the ethics of past actions, and looks to the friendship circle as a model arena for the playing out of such a rhetoric. Analyzed by way of illustration is a conversation among four good friends about the ethics of another, surreptitiously taped, conversation between two of those friends.The author wishes to thank Barbie Zeltzer and Micheal Krippondorf, both of Temple University, fot thier comments. Abridged versions of this paper were presented at the Iowa Conference on Narrative in the Human Sciences,1990 and at the England Symposium in Narratives in the Social Sciences. Commentaries at these conferences were also very useful. 相似文献
988.
989.
Crisp R 《Science and engineering ethics》1995,1(2):101-110
This paper was presented as part of the 1993 Waynflete Lecture Series onGenes: Science, Law and Ethics, Magdalen College, Oxford University. 相似文献
990.
Dennis M. Senchuk 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》1990,10(3):233-249
A critical examination of Carol Gilligan's study of psychological theory and women's development, this essay begins by exploring her concerns about malebiased developmental theorizing. I consider in detail Gilligan's criticisms of Sigmund Freud and her own empirical studies of moral development, as they relate to the work of L. Kohlberg. After defending Freud to some degree, I propose various (less theoretical but intuitively plausible) alternative interpretations of her data-interviews with males and females about hypothetical ethical dilemmas and with females about actual abortion decisions. I contend that Gilligan is too willing to concede the adequacy of Kohlberg's categories for fathoming the moral reasoning of males and that she may, in consequence, exaggerate differences between males and females. Noting the ironic similarities between Gilligan's claims and Schopenhauer's misogyny, I suggest that there may be something undesirably self-limiting about the different course of development she sketches. To move toward a morally preferable, feminism-compatible version of an ethic of care, I recommend that it be extended — by the imagination — beyond the here and now and that it not be restricted to existing webs of personal relationships. 相似文献