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51.
略论智力测验发展的现状与趋势 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
智力是心理学的重要研究领域之一,智力测验的发展也有近百年的历史。受智力理论和测验理论发展的影响,当代智力测验的发展呈现出一些新特点和新趋向。 相似文献
52.
PETER THUNHOLM 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2009,50(4):317-324
There are five different, although not mutually exclusive, styles exhibited by military officers when making decisions: rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous ( Scott & Bruce, 1995 ). The purpose was to investigate if elected leaders of military planning teams had a different configuration of decision-making styles than their team members. Participants were 98 army captains organized in 16 brigade-level planning teams. The results indicate that team leaders tended to be more spontaneous and less rational, dependent and avoidant in their style configuration than their team members. One possible explanation is that the style configuration exhibited by many of the elected leaders comes through to others as forcefulness and decisiveness and that such a profile is in line with a general leadership culture. The results also provide support for the General Decision-Making Style inventory as a measurement of decision styles, because they suggest that the self-reports coincide with displayed, observable behavior. 相似文献
53.
以四川省农村地区299名留守初中生与326名非留守初中生为调查对象,采用亲社会倾向量表、家庭功能评价量表、青少年小五人格问卷,考察留守初中生亲社会倾向特点及其与人格、家庭功能间的关系,结果发现:(1)留守初中生的亲社会倾向与非留守初中生相比不存在显著差异;(2)家庭功能的问题解决,人格的开放性、谨慎性都对留守初中生的亲社会倾向具有显著的预测作用,主要表现为问题解决能力越差亲社会的行为倾向越少,个体越具有开放性、谨慎性的人格特质就越容易表现出更多的亲社会倾向;(3)人格的开放性、宜人性、谨慎性在家庭功能与亲社会倾向中起完全中介的作用。 相似文献
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55.
Clark and Fox Tree (2002) have presented empirical evidence, based primarily on the London–Lund corpus (LL; Svartvik & Quirk,
1980), that the fillers uh and um are conventional English words that signal a speaker’s intention to initiate a minor and
a major delay, respectively. We present here empirical analyses of uh and um and of silent pauses (delays) immediately following
them in six media interviews of Hillary Clinton. Our evidence indicates that uh and um cannot serve as signals of upcoming
delay, let alone signal it differentially: In most cases, both uh and um were not followed by a silent pause, that is, there
was no delay at all; the silent pauses that did occur after um were too short to be counted as major delays; finally, the
distributions of durations of silent pauses after uh and um were almost entirely overlapping and could therefore not have
served as reliable predictors for a listener. The discrepancies between Clark and Fox Tree’s findings and ours are largely
a consequence of the fact that their LL analyses reflect the perceptions of professional coders, whereas our data were analyzed
by means of acoustic measurements with the PRAAT software (www.praat.org). A comparison of our findings with those of O’Connell,
Kowal, and Ageneau (2005) did not corroborate the hypothesis of Clark and Fox Tree that uh and um are interjections: Fillers
occurred typically in initial, interjections in medial positions; fillers did not constitute an integral turn by themselves,
whereas interjections did; fillers never initiated cited speech, whereas interjections did; and fillers did not signal emotion,
whereas interjections did. Clark and Fox Tree’s analyses were embedded within a theory of ideal delivery that we find inappropriate
for the explication of these phenomena. 相似文献
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58.
Rezarta Bilali 《Political psychology》2010,31(2):275-303
This research examines propositions of international image theory in the context of Turkey‐U.S. relations. Study 1 derives and tests hypotheses regarding the interrelationships among theory components—perceived strategic relations, images, and behavioral tendencies. In addition, it extends image theory research by examining (1) the role of emotions, as well as (2) how variations in the strength of ingroup identifications (national and religious identity) inform our understanding of international images. Study 2 extends the findings of Study 1 by considering different dimensions of cultural status (cultural heritage vs. modernity) and by differentiating two targets of emotion: the U.S. government versus American citizens. Evidence is provided regarding the need for incorporation of emotions and group identifications onto the image theory framework. The results point to the need for more investigation of images and their relationships with other components of the theory in various intergroup contexts. 相似文献
59.
A wandering mind is not always a creative mind. Anecdotes about ideas spontaneously entering awareness during walks, showers, and other off-task activities are plenty. The science behind it, however, is still inconclusive. Creativity might result from how thought context—whether thoughts are on-task or off-task—relates to thought dynamics—how thoughts unfold. To explore this, study 1 (n = 85) surveyed creative professionals about a single idea they had earlier in the day. The spontaneity of thoughts positively correlated with self-reported creativity, whereas off-task thoughts or doing something else did not. Study 2 (n = 180) replicated these findings in a student sample during an idea generation task and added that free movement of thoughts also correlates with self-reported originality during idea generation. As indicated by expert ratings, no relationship of thought dynamics and thought context was found with population-level creativity. Herewith, this study suggests that thought dynamics, rather than thought context, explain the often suggested relationship between mind wandering and creativity. 相似文献
60.
Masayoshi Nagai Motoyasu Honma Takatsune Kumada Yoshihisa Osada 《The Japanese psychological research》2024,66(1):55-67
Spontaneous behavior, matching that of others, is influenced by various social factors. Mimicking and synchronizing with others' behaviors can facilitate the development of harmonious relationships. This study examined whether the level of autistic-like traits in a non-clinical population influences the spontaneous-behavioral coordination of a dyad's stepping-on-the-spot movements. The strength of spontaneous stepping synchronization was negatively correlated with levels of autistic-like traits when participants faced one another, and no synchronization was observed for individuals with high levels of autistic-like traits. The deficit in spontaneous interpersonal behaviour-matching among individuals with high levels of autistic-like traits is discussed as a potential source of their poor social-communication abilities. 相似文献