Predictors of Unintentionally Severe Harm During Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury

This study aimed to identify predictors of unintentionally severe injury during nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). The authors examined 3 potential predictors in a sample of 102 college students: addictive qualities of NSSI, impulsivity, and dissociation. Both impulsivity and addictive qualities of NSSI were associated with unintentionally severe injury during NSSI. In a logistic regression, only addictive qualities of NSSI emerged as a significant predictor of unintentionally severe injury during NSSI. Implications for counseling and research are discussed.     

Examining the Prevalence and Predictors of Injury From Adolescent Dating Violence

Medical needs of youth who experience dating violence are not well understood because of limited past research examining the prevalence and predictors of injuries and medical help seeking. To address these gaps, the current study described the prevalence and predictors of injuries from dating violence from grades 8 through 12 in a large sample of youth. Results indicate that one third to one half of youth who experienced any physical and/or sexual dating violence also sustained an injury. Prevalence of injury was highest in the 8th grade and was significantly higher for females than for males across grades 8 through 11. Youth who experienced greater amounts of violent victimization in their relationships (physical, sexual, and psychological) were at the highest risk for injury. Results also suggest that victims at highest risk for injury are girls, White youth, those experiencing multiple types of violence, and those who also engage in perpetration. Given the high prevalence of injury among youth who report dating violence, healthcare professionals may be in a unique position to screen and counsel youth about dating violence. Because the highest prevalence of injury occurred before high school, prevention programs should start early and selected prevention may be used for youth at highest risk for injury.     

An Analogue Study of the Psychological and Psychosocial Processes Associated With Post‐concussion Symptoms

This study used an analogue design to investigate post‐concussion syndrome and the psychological and psychosocial processes associated with post‐concussion symptom (PCSx) reporting. The study examined the role of expectation in reporting of PCSx, the nature of associated psychological and psychosocial difficulties, and the “good‐old‐days” phenomenon. Forty‐five healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) a control group or (2) an expectation group who were asked to perform as if they had experienced a mild traumatic brain injury. Fourteen psychiatric patients comprised the clinical group. Self‐report questionnaires assessing PCSx and psychological and psychosocial variables were administered. It was hypothesised that PCSx would be non‐specific, that the expectation group would report greater dysfunction than controls, and that the “good‐old‐days” phenomenon would cause the expectation and clinical groups to underestimate pre‐morbid PCSx. All participants reported some degree of dysfunction, and the expectation and clinical groups underestimated past PCSx. The expectation group reported more PCSx and psychological and psychosocial dysfunction than controls, resembling the clinical group. The results demonstrate that expectation can cause otherwise healthy individuals to resemble a clinical group in terms of their level of endorsement of psychological and psychosocial dysfunction.     

Preference for fluent versus disfluent work schedules

Two studies were conducted that examined the preference of a student diagnosed with a brain injury. In Study 1, a preference assessment was followed by a three-choice concurrent-operants reinforcer assessment. Two choices resulted in access to preferred activities for completing work, and a third choice resulted in access to nothing (i.e., no activity). Unpredictably, the participant consistently chose the no-activity option. Study 2 examined why this student preferred work associated with no activity over preferred activities. Through a variety of concurrent-operants procedures, it was determined that she preferred fluent work followed by reinforcers rather than work that was broken up by access to preferred activities. Implications for research on preference are discussed.     

Nonsuicidal self‐injury across cultures and ethnic and racial minorities: A review

The field of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is dominated by research conducted with Caucasian‐majority samples in Western countries such as United States, Canada, Australia and European countries. This article critically reviewed the empirical research on NSSI in non‐Western countries and among ethnic/racial minority individuals who live in the West to give voice to and understand the patterns of NSSI among individuals who do not fall within the dominant Caucasian majority. The study found both similarities and differences between Western and non‐Western data in terms of characteristics and functions of NSSI. Differences in gender patterns in regards to prevalence of NSSI and methods used as well as presence of a more relational functionality of NSSI rather than emotion regulation functionality were two points of divergence in the findings of these studies. In addition, the findings seem to indicate that the role of ethnicity/race is mediated by important factors such as socioeconomic status (SES) and gender. Existing gaps in the literature and suggestions for further research are discussed.     

自体血清对腰背肌损伤修复作用的动物实验研究

研究自体血清局部注射对腰背肌损伤的治疗效果。建立动物模型,分组对照研究。共将实验动物分为四组,通过手术造成小鼠腰背部肌肉损伤。之后,在损伤的局部注射生理盐水,或原浓度的自体血清、二倍浓缩的自体血清、四倍浓缩的自体血清。在术后第2、4、7日分别测得各组小鼠腰背肌肌力,求四组小鼠腰背肌肌力的平均值及标准差,比较组内及组间的差异。最后,对实验结果进行了综合分析和讨论。自体血清局部注射处理的小鼠,肌力恢复更加明显,愈合后肌力明显增强,术后第7日各组肌力平均值具有显著性差异,以生理盐水注射组为对照组,原浓度血清组、二倍浓缩组、四倍浓缩组平均腰背肌力均高于对照组。动物模型验证了自体血清局部注射疗法在腰背肌损伤的动物模型中是有效的,可以促进腰背肌损伤的修复和愈合。     

椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的随访分析

对我院应用椎体后凸成形术治疗的65例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者进行平均长达2年的随访,对随访结果进行综合分析,以初步探讨椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的长期疗效及安全性。结果显示随访期间疗效得到很好的维持和肯定。因此认为椎体后凸成形术的长期疗效满意,安全性好,可作为骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床干预措施继续进一步的推广和应用。     

非肝病治疗药物导致慢性乙型肝炎病毒携带者肝损害现状分析

随着药物种类的增多,药物性肝病的发病率亦增加。由于乙型肝炎病毒携带者肝组织已存在不同程度的损害,比非乙型肝炎病毒感染者更容易发生药物性肝炎。因此,非肝病治疗药物导致慢性乙型肝炎病毒携带者肝损害应引起高度重视。     

Factors Influencing Parental Use of Booster Seats for Their Children

Given that injuries sustained in motor vehicle crashes are the primary health threat to children today and children between the ages of four and eight years are the most susceptible to injury because they are the least likely to be restrained appropriately, the purpose of this study was to examine the factors associated with booster seat use using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a model. Results demonstrated that intention to use booster seats significantly predicted self-reported use of booster seats, and attitudes, but not subjective norms or perceived control, predicted the intention to use booster seats. The present study was an initial attempt to add to a limited body of research in the area of child passenger safety. Further research is needed in order to gain a deeper understanding of the factors associated with booster seat use in order to reduce injury in this vulnerable age group.     

The Impact of Motor Activity and Inactivity on the Brain: Implications for the Prevention and Treatment of Nervous- System Disorders

ABSTRACT— Since Donald Hebb's pioneering observations in the 1940s, much research has focused on the effects of variations in physical activity and environmental complexity on behavioral performance and brain structure. Beneficial effects on brain health have been linked to physical fitness, skilled training, and exposure to complex environments, though in rodents these effects may be negated by sudden changes in social structure. Such manipulations can alleviate the deficits associated with several nervous-system disorders and aging. But how increased activity produces its beneficial effects is still not fully understood. How does unskilled physical activity (e.g., repetitive exercise) compare to training in skilled activities or exposure to complex environments? In injury states, is task-specific training a better rehabilitative strategy than general exercise? How do changes in motor activity affect specific brain regions, and can the intensity and timing of therapeutic movement be adjusted to produce optimal outcomes? Are the beneficial effects of motor enrichment banked over periods of inactivity and can they be called upon with booster training to treat a later neurological disorder? Are there circumstances in which increased activity is harmful? Enrichment of physical activity shows promise as an easy and healthful means for improving or restoring brain function, and questions like these are now being investigated so that the full potential of increased activity may be harnessed.