Anticipatory Anxiety of an Imminent Economic Collapse

This article describes a prospective study of 1,200 participants, half of whom were offspring of trauma survivors, and their emotional symptom levels before and after the Corralito, an economic crisis that occurred in Argentina at the end of 2001. The authors report pre- and postcrisis data on anxiety and depression in a group of adult offspring of victims of the Dirty War (1976–1983) in an attempt to ascertain whether they are at greater risk than a control group for developing anxiety and depression in response to an economic crisis. The results indicated the offspring of war victims experienced greater emotional distress than the control subjects before, but not after the imposition of the Corralito.     

Relationships Between Locus of Control, Coping Strategies and Emotional Well-Being in Persons with Spinal Cord Lesion

Relations between locus of control, coping strategies and emotional well-being in persons with traumatically acquired spinal cord lesion (SCL) were examined. The sample included 132 community-residing adults. Structural equation modelling, including confirmatory factor analysis, was used. A model was hypothesized based on the transactional theory of stress and coping where coping strategies mediated the relation between locus of control and emotional well-being. The model showed acceptable fit to the data and was compared with five alternative models. The alternative models fitted the data less well or were difficult to interpret. In the preferred model, persons indicating internal control reported more coping strategies (Acceptance, Fighting spirit) related to increased well-being, whereas persons indicating external control reported a coping strategy (Social reliance) related to poorer well-being. The findings support the stress and coping framework in medical rehabilitation and illustrate why some persons need coping effectiveness training to enhance emotional adjustment.     

Analysis of An Intervention to Reduce or Prevent Secondary Conditions for People with Spinal Cord Injuries

People with acute spinal cord injuries (SCI) are at risk for developing secondary conditions such as pressure sores, urinary tract infections, pain, weight gain and deconditioning, and depression. This study analyzed the effectiveness of an Internet assessment and feedback tool in determining secondary condition risk for this population based on individual responses to a knowledge and behavioral questionnaire. Seventy-one people with newly-diagnosed SCI who were treated at one of five Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems Centers were randomly assigned to either an experimental condition in which they received computerized feedback and one-on-one consultations based on their online questionnaire answers, or to a control condition in which they received no feedback until the study's completion. One year after the initial assessment, the online questionnaire was re-administered to all participants as a post-test. Three times between the pre- and post-test assessments researchers telephoned participants to administer phone surveys probing secondary condition development. Results indicate there were significant differences among race groups and between complete and incomplete injury status for pressure sore occurrence. This study represents a new era of interactive technology in health promotion that can serve as a basis for future research to decrease secondary condition risk for people with SCI.     

Self-appraised problem-solving skills and the prediction of secondary complications among persons with spinal cord injuries

Secondary complications following spinal cord injury (SCI) include decubitus ulcers and recurrent urinary tract infections. These conditions can significantly impair quality of life and prove life-threatening; it is also believed that these conditions are mediated by behavioral pathways. According to the social problem-solving model, persons who report effective problem-solving skills should be capable of adhering to long-term therapeutic regimens of self-care necessary to prevent these complications. We tested this assumption in the present study. Discriminant function analyses revealed self-appraised skills in approaching and defining problems contributed to the prediction of secondary complications among 53 persons with SCI. Results are discussed in light of the social problem-solving model, and the utility of problem-solving interventions in rehabilitation is explored.     

脐血干细胞移植中的伦理思考

现代干细胞移植技术飞速发展。脐血干细胞移植在伦理学上具有胚胎干细胞和骨髓干细胞移植治疗不可比拟的优势,但是其伦理学上的可接受性并不等于伦理问题的消失。在脐血干细胞移植研究过程中,应该遵循伦理道德观和科学理性的原则,健康发展,造福人类。     

特殊类型的无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤治疗分析

为了探讨多节段后纵韧带骨化伴颈椎间盘突出的无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的治疗,回顾了本院收治的4例多节段后纵韧带骨化伴颈椎间盘突出的无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤患者的临床资料,并结合相关文献报道进行分析。结果显示,4例患者均早期行前后路联合手术椎管减压,3例患者行预防性气管切开,4例患者术后随访时间6个月～48个月,平均随访24个月。固定节段均获骨性融合,内固定物无松动、断裂;后路手术无再关门现象。术后神经功能评价按Frankel分级,均有1个～2个级别恢复,术前A级2例,B级2例;术后B级2例,C级1例,D级1例。提示对于多节段后纵韧带骨化伴颈椎间盘突出的无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤早期行前后路联合手术减压;预防性气管切开可获得良好的治疗结果。     

运动损伤问题的心理学研究述评

体育运动中损伤的发生率日益增高,从心理学的角度研究运动损伤的发生和康复,具有重要的理论和实践价值。对近年来心理学研究运动损伤的理论模型、运动损伤变量的操作定义以及研究影响运动损伤发生和恢复的心理因素的视角进行了分析和讨论,从中揭示出现有的运动损伤理论模型存在的不足、不同运动损伤变量指标操作定义的优缺点以及用发展的观点看待影响运动损伤发生和恢复的心理因素的观点;并在此基础上,展望了未来运动损伤的心理学研究     

经验医学与腰椎间盘突出症的认知史

众所周知,腰椎间盘突出症是一种脊柱退变性疾病。本病的发现历史只有70多年,但它的存在历史却至少有几千年了。本文从有记载开始的古代文明回顾了腰椎间盘突出症的存在和发现过程,特别强调经验医学在疾病认知过程中的重要作用。本文还重点提出当代保守治疗和手术治疗的进展和原则变化情况。另外,根据最近的临床研究,本文认为,脊柱力学平衡在保守治疗过程中应该引起足够的临床重视。