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941.
An experimental study examined whether judgments about a rape victim can be influenced by the social reactions of others,
and whether this effect would be moderated by the type of rape (stranger or date rape) or by the gender of the participants.
One hundred and ten U.S. college students (90% white; 59% female) responded to rape vignettes in which the type of rape and
the social reactions received by the victim (negative, positive, or neutral) were manipulated. People exposed to negative
social reactions made less positive judgments. Men and people who read about a date rape also made less positive judgments,
but neither variable interacted with type of reactions to impact judgments. 相似文献
942.
知觉加工中存在颜色类别知觉效应的证据 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对于颜色的辨别具有类别知觉效应:类间两种颜色的辨别能力比同等颜色空间距离的类内两种颜色的辨别能力更高。对于类别知觉效应的产生机制存在两种观点:知觉特性假设、语言标签假设。以往的研究范式由于实验任务涉及到工作记忆成分,被试在完成任务时会自动地对颜色命名以利于记忆,因此所得证据大多支持语言标签假设,而对知觉特性假设的支持证据则很少。本文利用目标觉察范式最大限度去掉了工作记忆成分,通过测量被试辨别两种颜色的反应时,得到了类别知觉效应。并通过语言干扰任务进一步证实在该实验范式下类别知觉效应与语言的无关性。从而,为知觉特性假设提供了证据 相似文献
943.
Simine Vazire Laura P. Naumann Peter J. Rentfrow Samuel D. Gosling 《Journal of research in personality》2008
Narcissism is characterized in part by an acute concern for one’s appearance. Despite this fundamental aspect of narcissism, little is known about whether narcissism is manifested in features of physical appearance. Can you tell if someone is narcissistic just by looking at them? Our results indicate that snap judgments of narcissism based on full-body photographs are at least as accurate as snap judgments of any of the big five personality traits. Narcissists are more likely to wear expensive, flashy clothing, have an organized, neat appearance requiring a lot of preparation, and (in females) wear makeup and show cleavage. Furthermore, observers’ judgments correlate with the presence of these cues, suggesting that they are drawing on the correct information when making their judgments. Finally, observers’ judgments are associated with three of the four facets of narcissism and capture the unique constellation of personality traits typical of narcissists (i.e., high extraversion and low agreeableness). These findings suggest that physical appearance reflects narcissists’ personality, preoccupation with good looks, and desire to be the center of attention, and serves as a vehicle with which to promote their status. 相似文献
944.
数量适应是指观察者在知觉上适应刺激数量的过程, 这一过程可以通过考察适应后其数量感知的变化加以揭示。目前对这一现象的争论焦点在于它是对数量的单独适应还是对非数量表面信息的适应。本研究通过改变刺激点大小和刺激组块两种方式, 探讨非数量表面信息对数量感知和数量适应的影响。实验一证明刺激点大小不会对数量感知产生显著影响。实验二发现刺激组块会对数量感知产生显著影响。实验三在前两个实验基础上发现:刺激大小不对数量感知产生显著影响, 也不影响数量适应, 而刺激组块能显著改变数量感知, 并按照改变后的数量感进行适应。三个实验的结果说明:表面信息只有在影响到数量感知时才会影响适应, 数量适应是基于数量感知的加工而产生的适应现象。 相似文献
945.
不良生活方式影响健康的途径包括:病从口入;生活放纵造成机体的衰竭;享受型生活方式“废用”性的机体退化;生活中的失慎与失范导致直接的伤亡;生活压力导致的机体受损;挑战生理极限的心理、生理代价.改变不良生活方式应当遵从科学的原则和一定的标准。 相似文献
946.
947.
Gregory J. Benner J. Ron Nelson Jill H. Allor Paul Mooney Tao Dai 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2008,17(1):63-78
The results from previous research suggest that there is a relatively small (albeit statistically significant) relationship
between the externalizing behavior and academic skills of students with emotional disturbance (ED). Researchers have also
found that the majority of these students have language deficits that hinder their academic performance. The purposes of this
study were to investigate the mediating role of academic processing speed (i.e., academic fluency) on the relationship between:
(a) The externalizing behavior and academic skills of K-12 students with ED; and (b) language skills and academic skills of
students with ED. Results indicate that academic processing speed mediated the influence of both language skills and externalizing
behavior on academic skills of this population. The findings, limitations, and implications were discussed. 相似文献
948.
This study investigated talker-dependent and talker-independent perceptual adaptation to foreign-accent English. Experiment 1 investigated talker-dependent adaptation by comparing native English listeners' recognition accuracy for Chinese-accented English across single and multiple talker presentation conditions. Results showed that the native listeners adapted to the foreign-accented speech over the course of the single talker presentation condition with some variation in the rate and extent of this adaptation depending on the baseline sentence intelligibility of the foreign-accented talker. Experiment 2 investigated talker-independent perceptual adaptation to Chinese-accented English by exposing native English listeners to Chinese-accented English and then testing their perception of English produced by a novel Chinese-accented talker. Results showed that, if exposed to multiple talkers of Chinese-accented English during training, native English listeners could achieve talker-independent adaptation to Chinese-accented English. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for highly flexible speech perception processes that can adapt to speech that deviates substantially from the pronunciation norms in the native talker community along multiple acoustic-phonetic dimensions. 相似文献
949.
Listeners are faced with enormous variation in pronunciation, yet they rarely have difficulty understanding speech. Although much research has been devoted to figuring out how listeners deal with variability, virtually none (outside of sociolinguistics) has focused on the source of the variation itself. The current experiments explore whether different kinds of variation lead to different cognitive and behavioral adjustments. Specifically, we compare adjustments to the same acoustic consequence when it is due to context-independent variation (resulting from articulatory properties unique to a speaker) versus context-conditioned variation (resulting from common articulatory properties of speakers who share a dialect). The contrasting results for these two cases show that the source of a particular acoustic-phonetic variation affects how that variation is handled by the perceptual system. We also show that changes in perceptual representations do not necessarily lead to changes in production. 相似文献
950.