The mediating and moderating effects of differentiation of self on body mass index and depressive symptomatology among an American college sample

Differentiation of self – a core construct of Bowen's (Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York: Jason Aronson) family systems theory – was examined as a possible predictor of psychological health and physical health and as a mediator and moderator of the relation between overall functioning and psychological health and physical health. A total of 818 American college students participated (mean age?=?23.72, SD?=?4.79) in this study. Differentiation of self was correlated and was predictive of psychological health, as measured by the Beck depression inventory, and physical health, as measured by body mass index (BMI). A multivariate multiple regression model revealed that differentiation of self partially mediated the effects of overall functioning on depressive symptomatology and on BMI. Results from a hierarchical regression model showed that differentiation of self moderated the relation between overall functioning and depressive symptomatology but did not moderate the relation between overall functioning and BMI. Taken together, these preliminary findings provide initial evidence of the importance of the associations between family systemic factors (differentiation of self) and psychological and physical health factors among American college populations.     

A phase transition model for the speed-accuracy trade-off in response time experiments

Most models of response time (RT) in elementary cognitive tasks implicitly assume that the speed-accuracy trade-off is continuous: When payoffs or instructions gradually increase the level of speed stress, people are assumed to gradually sacrifice response accuracy in exchange for gradual increases in response speed. This trade-off presumably operates over the entire range from accurate but slow responding to fast but chance-level responding (i.e., guessing). In this article, we challenge the assumption of continuity and propose a phase transition model for RTs and accuracy. Analogous to the fast guess model (Ollman, 1966), our model postulates two modes of processing: a guess mode and a stimulus-controlled mode. From catastrophe theory, we derive two important predictions that allow us to test our model against the fast guess model and against the popular class of sequential sampling models. The first prediction--hysteresis in the transitions between guessing and stimulus-controlled behavior--was confirmed in an experiment that gradually changed the reward for speed versus accuracy. The second prediction--bimodal RT distributions--was confirmed in an experiment that required participants to respond in a way that is intermediate between guessing and accurate responding.     

"Frequent frames" in German child-directed speech: a limited cue to grammatical categories

Mintz (2003) found that in English child-directed speech, frequently occurring frames formed by linking the preceding (A) and succeeding (B) word (A_x_B) could accurately predict the syntactic category of the intervening word (x). This has been successfully extended to French (Chemla, Mintz, Bernal, & Christophe, 2009). In this paper, we show that, as for Dutch (Erkelens, 2009), frequent frames in German do not enable such accurate lexical categorization. This can be explained by the characteristics of German including a less restricted word order compared to English or French and the frequent use of some forms as both determiner and pronoun in colloquial German. Finally, we explore the relationship between the accuracy of frames and their potential utility and find that even some of those frames showing high token-based accuracy are of limited value because they are in fact set phrases with little or no variability in the slot position.     

A general mechanism for linking personality traits to affect, motivation, and action

This article describes a general mechanism for linking personality traits to affect, motivation, and action. It is hypothesized that personality traits confer a propensity to perceive convergences and divergences between our belief that we can attain certain goals and the importance that we place on these goals (belief-importance or belimp theory). Belief and importance are conceptualized as two coordinates, together defining the belimp plane. Four distinct quadrants can be identified within the belimp plane (Hubris, Motivation, Depression, and Apathy), broadly corresponding to the personality dimensions of trait emotional intelligence, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and introversion. Strategies and requirements for testing belimp theory are presented as are a number of important theoretical and practical advantages that it can potentially offer.     

从系统论分析慢性炎症向肿瘤的恶性转化

慢性炎症相关肿瘤疾病,其机制涉及到的不再是个别的基因产物或蛋白分子,也不再是单一的信号通路或代谢途径,而是众多的基因、蛋白质和代谢小分子等各种生物分子构成的复杂的调控网络。这一网络中的相互联系、动态以及突变特性,要求运用系统论的方法来分析。这种分析将拓展临床医生的研究思路,推动对炎症向肿瘤转化本质的认识。     

连续性肾脏替代治疗临床应用的拓展与思考

连续性肾脏替代治疗（continuous renal replacement therapy, CRRT）是近30年来在透析技术基础上蓬勃发展起来的一种新的血液净化技术。CRRT最早应用于重症急性肾衰竭（acute renal failure,ARF）的治疗,随着人类对CRRT认识的不断深化和技术的不断发展,CRRT的...     

脾虚与胃黏膜损伤相关性的理论探讨

本文就脾虚与胃黏膜损伤的相关性从中医发病学、病机关联观、证型归纳属性及治法归类等4个方面,进行了理论探讨。认为中医脾虚的病理状态为胃黏膜损伤提供了客观条件,而胃黏膜损伤因素则又易加重脾虚证候,二者间存在着互为因果的相关关系。其观点为构建“从脾虚论治”胃黏膜损伤性疾病的治则观提供了理论基础。     

影响患者医疗知情权实现的细节因素分析

在医院细节文化的语境下,通过抽样问卷调查及结构式访谈法,提出在口语、书面语的医院方式文化中,影响患者医疗知情权实现的细节因素及其存在问题,并结合相关制度规定,分析存在问题的原因,进而寻找保障患者医疗知情权实现途径及对策,以期构建和谐医患关系。     

“上下意象图式”对汉语成语感情色彩加工的影响

通过两个实验,考察了＂上下意象图式＂对汉语成语感情色彩加工的影响。实验一发现,成语感情色彩加工存在＂隐喻一致效应＂,褒义的成语呈现在屏幕上方加工得更快,贬义的成语呈现在屏幕下方加工得更快、更准。实验二消除了具体空间信息的影响,发现仅有抽象符号水平的联结,＂上＂、＂下＂概念不能影响汉语成语感情色彩的加工。研究结果支持隐喻理论和具身认知观。