The correspondence between Erich Neumann and C.G. Jung on the occasion of the November pogroms, 1938

In the light of recently‐published correspondence between Jung and Neumann, this paper considers and connects two aspects of their relationship: Jung's theory of an ethno‐specific differentiation of the unconscious as formulated in 1934, and the relationship between Jung and Neumann at the beginning of the Holocaust in 1938–with Jung as the wise old man and a father figure on one hand, and Neumann as the apprentice and dependent son on the other. In examining these two issues, a detailed interpretation of four letters, two by Neumann and two by Jung, written in 1938 and 1939, is given. Neumann's reflections on the collective Jewish determination in the face of the November pogroms in 1938 led Jung to modify his view, with relativization and secularization of his former position. This shift precipitated a deep crisis with feelings of disorientation and desertion in Neumann; the paper discusses how a negative father complex was then constellated and imaged in a dream. After years of silence, the two men were able to renew the deep bonds that characterized their lifelong friendship.     

启动子区甲基化导致ZNF331在结直肠癌中表达缺失

通过分析锌指蛋白331 (ZNF331)在结直肠癌中的甲基化及表达情况,探讨ZNF331基因的甲基化与结直肠癌的关系,为结直肠癌的早期诊断和治疗提供新的靶点.采用甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)检测7株结直肠癌细胞系和66例结直肠癌组织标本中ZNF331基因启动子区的甲基化情况.结果7株结直肠癌细胞系中LOVO、RKO、DLD1和HCT116启动子区完全甲基化,SW620和HT29呈部分甲基化,SW480为非甲基化.LOVO、RKO、DLD1、HCT116细胞系中ZNF331mRNA不表达,经5-Aza处理后恢复表达.在SW480、SW620、HT29细胞系中,5-Aza处理前后均表达,处理后表达量增加.在66例结直肠癌组织中,ZNF331启动子区甲基化率为72.7％(48/66),而正常结直肠组织中无甲基化(0/7).     

Fathers as Intervention Agents for Their Children with Developmental Disabilities

ABSTRACT

Parent training aimed at aiding children to overcome social and behavioral problems is an area that has continued to gain attention and support. Very little of the current research has been with developmentally disabled children, the focus of this study. Additionally, for most parent training programs, “parents” actually refers to mothers. In this study three fathers and their developmentally disabled children, who ranged in age from 2 years 10 months to 4 years 5 months, were studied. A multiple baseline across fathers' behaviors was utilized for participants to evaluate effects of parent training on fathers' target behaviors. Child compliance and inappropriate behaviors were also addressed. Parent training resulted in desirable changes on a range of target behaviors. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

Agonistic behaviour and bite wound patterns in wild water voles (Arvicola terrestris L.)

Intra‐specific aggression was investigated in a wild colony of Water voles between 1999 and 2004 in South Wales, UK. The occurrence and location (i.e. on the head, neck, body or tail) of bite wounds were recorded for adult and juvenile male and female voles. The greatest (33%) incidence of bite wounds were recorded on juvenile females and the lowest (18%) in adult females. Seasonal analysis of wound data in adults revealed that females were more likely to be bitten during the breeding season whereas bite patterns in males did not vary seasonally. Analysis of bite pattern topography revealed that most Water voles seemingly attempt to bite vulnerable target areas of the body (namely the head and tail). This is in contrast with studies on rats and mice where competitive forms of attack (particularly involving males) largely avoid these areas of the attacked animal's body. Targeting vulnerable areas is normally a characteristic of defensive modes of attack. Patterns of bite topography and agonistic behaviour in this species seem to reflect competitive interactions between individuals, particularly between territorial females and their female offspring, over access to essential resources. Aggr. Behav. 32:599–603. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of neuromotor behaviour in children with a specific speech and language disorder

Several studies have described problems in a wide area of motor functions in language impaired children. The purpose of this study was to identify the nature of the motor deficits in two subgroups of language impaired children. A standard neurological examination was performed on 18 children with an expressive language disorder and 21 children with a receptive language disorder. The motor performance of the language disordered children was compared with the motor performance of 23 normal children. The standard neurological examination allowed for a qualitative and quantitative assessment of five specific neurological subsystems. Handedness was determined for all children. The language impaired children had more motor problems than the control children on most neurological subsystems. There were few statistically significant differences between the two groups of language impaired children. An excess in left‐handedness was established in the group of children with a receptive language disorder. There was a co‐occurrence of verbal and non‐verbal deficits in language impaired children. As these motor problems put an additional burden on the development of language impaired children, they should be diagnosed as early as possible. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

特殊言语损伤研究及其进展

特殊言语损伤(specific language impairment．SLI)指在正常语言学习环境下,在没有听力缺陷、智力迟钝、神经或精神损伤的情况下,言语能力得不到正常发展。近十几年来,国外出现出了许多SLI的研究,但国内这方面研究还比较欠缺。文章综述了国外SLI的研究现状,分析了SLI的影响因素,并介绍了对SLI的理论解释。     

论《苏氏易传》的"卦合爻别"说

苏轼站在义理易的立场,从卦爻结构的角度直接阐明了其解易宗旨.他在解卦中多以"卦合而言之"、"爻别而观之"以启文端.这就是<苏氏易传>在解卦实践中提出的"卦合爻别"说.我们可以从苏轼易学的立场、苏轼对易学史上卦爻结构观的考察以及对"卦合爻别"方法的实际运用,来理解苏轼在卦爻结构观上的"卦合爻别"说.     

Shaping approach responses as intervention for specific phobia in a child with autism

We evaluated contact desensitization (reinforcing approach responses) as intervention for specific phobia with a child diagnosed with autism. During hospital-based intervention, the boy was able to encounter previously avoided stimuli. Parental report suggested that results were maintained postdischarge.     

Stuttering: a dynamic motor control disorder

The purpose of this review is to determine what neural mechanisms may be dysfunctional in stuttering. Three sources of evidence are reviewed. First, studies of dynamic inter-relationships among brain regions during normal speech and in persons who stutter (PWS) suggest that the timing of neural activity in different regions may be abnormal in PWS. Second, the brain lesions associated with acquired stuttering are reviewed. These indicate that in a high percentage of cases, the primary speech and language regions are not affected but lesions involve other structures, such as the basal ganglia, which may modulate the primary speech and language regions. Third, to characterize the motor control disorder in stuttering, similarities and differences from focal dystonias such as spasmodic dysphonia (SD) and Tourette’s syndrome (TS) are reviewed. This review indicates that the central control abnormalities in stuttering are not due to disturbance in one particular brain region but rather a system dysfunction that interferes with rapid and dynamic speech processing for production.

Educational objectives: The reader will be able to describe: (1) the similarities and differences between stuttering and other speech motor control disorders, (2) which brain lesions are most likely to produce acquired stuttering in adults, and (3) what type of brain abnormality most likely underlies stuttering.