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201.
采用移动窗口阅读技术探讨记叙文理解中因果关系对于空间信息加工的作用。实验1和2的自变量是故事中空间信息与故事结果的因果关系,采用相关样本t检验对不同条件下探测词的反应时进行统计分析,结果表明因果关系不仅会影响文本明确提及的空间信息的加工而且能够促进隐含的空间关系建构情境模型。实验3的自变量是故事中物体与位置词的空间关系,采用相关样本t检验对不同条件下位置探测词的反应时进行统计分析,结果进一步表明空间情境模型是读者为保持故事因果连贯回溯建构的而不是在阅读进程中的实时建构。实验4中空间关系的复杂程度增大,结果发现当故事中空间信息的文本距离较远时即使有保持因果连贯的需要,读者仍无法回溯建构空间模型。 相似文献
202.
对医院伦理委员会建设的几点认识 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
柯斌铮 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(12):3-5
对20年来我国医院伦理委员会建设步伐不够大进行了反思,分析了存在的主要原因;阐述了对生物医学技术的实施进行伦理审查评价的必要性;对我国医院伦理委员会的建设提出展望,对医院伦理委员会工作发表了自己的认识。 相似文献
203.
利用现代医学伦理的人本理念,将投诉中心作为防范医疗纠纷的载体,有效地解决就医者的投诉接待和处理,无疑是一种全新的理念和尝试。通过对投诉制度建设、投诉处理标准化流程、有效投诉信息的利用等方面的经验性论述,阐明了投诉中心的载体建设,为减少医疗纠纷、加强伦理道德建设、构建和谐的医患关系产生了积极的作用。 相似文献
204.
Many wild primates occupy large home ranges and travel long distances each day. Navigating these ranges to find sufficient
food presents a substantial cognitive challenge, but we are still far from understanding either how primates represent spatial
information mentally or how they use this information to navigate under natural conditions. In the course of a long-term socioecological
study, we investigated and compared the travel paths of sympatric spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth) and woolly monkeys (Lagothrix poeppigii) in Amazonian Ecuador. During several field seasons spanning an 8-year period, we followed focal individuals or groups of
both species continuously for periods of multiple days and mapped their travel paths in detail. We found that both primates
typically traveled through their home ranges following repeatedly used paths, or “routes”. Many of these routes were common
to both species and were stable across study years. Several important routes appeared to be associated with distinct topographic
features (e.g., ridgetops), which may constitute easily recognized landmarks useful for spatial navigation. The majority of
all location records for both species fell along or near identified routes, as did most of the trees used for fruit feeding.
Our results provide strong support for the idea that both woolly and spider monkey use route-based mental maps similar to
those proposed by Poucet (Psychol Rev 100:163–182, 1993). We suggest that rather than remembering the specific locations of thousands of individual feeding trees and their phenological
schedules, spider and woolly monkeys could nonetheless forage efficiently by committing to memory a series of route segments
that, when followed, bring them into contact with many potential feeding sources for monitoring or visitation. Furthermore,
because swallowed and defecated seeds are deposited in greater frequency along routes, the repeated use of particular travel
paths over generations could profoundly influence the structure and composition of tropical forests, raising the intriguing
possibility that these and other primate frugivores are active participants in constructing their own ecological niches. Building
upon the insights of Byrne (Q J Exp Psychol 31:147–154, 1979, Normality and pathology in cognitive functions. Academic, London, pp 239–264, 1982) and Milton (The foraging strategy of howler monkeys: a study in primate economics. Columbia University Press, New York,
1980, On the move: how and why animals travel in groups. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 375–417, 2000), our results highlight the likely general importance of route-based travel in the memory and foraging strategies of nonhuman
primates.
This contribution is part of the Special Issue “A Socioecological Perspective on Primate Cognition” (Cunningham and Janson 2007). 相似文献
205.
The Self-Regulation of Motivation Model suggests that the experience of interest is an important source of human motivation
and that people often strategically regulate the experience of interest. Previous work based on this model suggests that the
social context may influence this process at multiple points. The present research focuses on whether talking to others about
an activity experience is one means by which individuals evaluate how interesting that activity is. In Study 1 college students
completed questionnaires that asked about real life experiences where working on an activity was more interesting because
they worked with others. They described experiences that occurred first in any domain, and then that occurred specifically
in the school domain. Results suggested that the more students talked with others about the activity after it happened the more they reported greater interest in the activity after the conversations. In the school domain, this was
especially true for Latinos and for individuals who scored higher on the Relational Self-Construal scale. Study 2 employed
a lab paradigm to control for the task that individuals talked to others about and to examine whether the nature of listeners’
reactions influenced the speaker’s interest even after the study was ostensibly over. First, replicating Pasupathi and Rich
(2005, ‘Inattentive listening undermines self-verification in personal storytelling’, Journal of Personality 73, pp. 1051–1086)
college students who talked to a distracted friend about a computer game during the lab session reported a significant drop
in interest relative to those who talked to attentive friends, regardless of whether the attentive listeners agreed or disagreed
with participants. Importantly, interest ratings at a 4–6 week follow-up were affected by the perceived responsiveness of
listeners during spontaneous conversational retellings outside the lab, controlling for interest levels at the end of the
lab session. Taken together, results suggest that social interaction plays an important role in regulating activity interest
even beyond the immediate activity experience. 相似文献
206.
207.
Mary Sue Richardson Patrick Meade Nicole Rosbruch Constanca Vescio Laura Price Alexandra Cordero 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2009,74(1):63-74
In contrast to traditional theories of career development that focus on decision-making processes in relation to market work, [Richardson, M. S. (2004). The emergence of new intentions in subjective experience: A social/personal constructionist and relational understanding. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64, 485-498], informed by social constructionism and considering both work and relationships, suggests that the process of emerging intentional states or intentional process is central to the broader task of constructing a life. This study was designed to investigate this process. The research situation consisted of three structured group discussions with students in a graduate class. Journals written after the group discussions constituted the data for the study. Based on the first stage of data analysis, the scope of investigation was expanded to include emerging identity states or identity process and the emotional experience of the group discussions. In the second phase of data analysis, intentional process and identity process data were analyzed for themes and the emotional experience data were coded. Results of both phases of data analysis are discussed in relation to future research and implications for practice. 相似文献
208.
209.
采用标准-匹配的实验程序,操纵刺激材料的空间整合性和知觉的整体性水平,探讨逐个呈现刺激材料时影响被试类别建构策略的根本原因。报告了3个实验,结果证明:逐个呈现并不一定会导致被试倾向于家族相似性归类;刺激材料的空间整合性不一定会影响被试的类别建构策略,空间整合和空间分离都可能出现家族相似性和单维归类倾向;刺激材料的整体性知觉水平对类别建构影响明显:知觉为分离则倾向于家族相似性分类;知觉为整体则倾向于单维分类。被试在实验可能采用分析性策略,然而材料的整体性知觉影响了分析的侧重点,从而对类别建构产生了非常重要的影响 相似文献
210.
Barbara Valcke Alain Van Hiel Jasper Van Assche Thomas Van Roey Emma Onraet Arne Roets 《European journal of social psychology》2020,50(3):579-596
The Need to Belong concept encompasses the need for inclusion and the discomfort with exclusion. The Need to Belong Scale of Leary, Kelly, Cottrell, and Schreindorfer (2013, p. 610), however, primarily probes into the discomfort aspect, and it does not distinguish between relational and collective self-levels. Two studies (total N = 429) provided evidence of the reliability, distinctiveness, and validity of the newly developed Need for Inclusion scale. The results revealed that Relational Need for Inclusion positively contributes to psychological well-being and negatively to ill-being. Collective Need for Inclusion was distinctively related to collective and group-level outcomes of self, such as social trust and collective self-esteem. Need to Belong yielded a reversed pattern of results for the studied outcomes. It is concluded that inclusion needs and discomfort with exclusion are positively related but clearly distinct, and that future studies should investigate their joint effects in a single research design. 相似文献