高等医药院校专业建设原则的思考——江苏省医学本科专业设置分析与探讨

江苏省1999年-2005年医药本科专业设置和毕业生就业及部分医疗卫生单位的人才需求状况研究结果显示,各类医学专业设置逐年增加,相关医学类专业增设明显,医疗单位需求和学生就业率也较高,但医学专业区域结构有待进一步优化。高校专业建设应注重适应性原则,顺应经济社会发展需求;实行开放性原则,拓宽专业人才培养口径;坚持科学性原则,遵循医学教育办学规律;把握协调性原则,优化区域医学专业结构。     

工作与德性

在社会公共生活日益扩张的今天,工作伦理成为社会价值的源点。工作伦理因其可操作性的践行力,命令性的强制力和广泛的辐射力使其强化了员工的责任意识、营造了良好的社会道德环境并改变着员工的道德思维、养成着良好的德性修养。加强工作伦理建设是社会道德改善的最有效途径。     

大学生的榜样偶像崇拜与专业学习的动机激发

偶像会对崇拜者的一生产生影响。大学生群体中依然存在偶像崇拜,通过对大学生偶像崇拜现状的分析,认为正确引导大学生选择其所学专业的“著名大师”作为自己的崇拜偶像和学习榜样,能激发兴趣,促进专业学习。还介绍了笔者在实践教学中总结归纳的一些经验。     

The loss‐bet paradox: Actuaries,accountants, and other numerate people rate numerically inferior gambles as superior

Psychologists have convincingly demonstrated that preferences are not always stable and, instead, are often “constructed” based on information available in the judgment or decision context. In 4 studies with experts (accountants and actuaries in Studies 1 and 2, respectively) and a diverse lay population (Studies 3 and 4), the evidence was consistent with the highly numerate being more likely than the less numerate to construct their preferences by rating a numerically inferior bet as superior (i.e., the bets effect). Thus, the effect generalizes beyond a college student sample, and preference construction differs by numeracy. Contrary to prior thinking about preference construction, however, high expertise and high ability (rather than low) consistently related to the paradoxical phenomenon. Results across studies including Study 3's experimental modifications of the task supported the hypothesized number comparison process (and not a lack of expertise with monetary outcomes and probabilities or numeracy‐related differences in attention to numbers) as the effect's underlying cause. The bets effect was not attenuated by Study 4's instructions to think about what would be purchased with bet winnings. Task results combined with free‐response coding supported the notion that highly numerate participants have a systematic and persistent inclination for doing simple and complex number operations that drive their judgments (even after controlling for nonnumeric intelligence). Implications for 3 types of dual‐process theories are discussed. The results were inconsistent with default‐interventionist theories, consistent or unclear with respect to fuzzy trace theory, and consistent with interactive theories.     

Formation of gender identity in the Islamic republic of Iran: does educational institution matter?

This article focuses on the process of gender identity construction through the educational system from a socio-cultural perspective. Socialisation operates as a strategy to protect social unity and group superiority. Although socialisation is an enduring process involving various institutions, childhood is a vital period of gender socialisation whereby schools and school textbooks play a substantial role as the first official sources of socialisation in children. Using content analysis method, this article focuses on Iran’s primary school textbooks. The results support the pattern of ‘gender bias’, rather than ‘gender fairness’. This is a more evident observation in the higher educational grades. The patterns highlighted here are evidently incompatible with socio-demographic progresses in women’s status over recent years, which call for revision in the school education resources in this context.     

Attitudes related to child sexual abuse: scale construction and explorative study among psychologists

A Child Sexual Abuse Attitude and Belief Scale was constructed and then answered by 242 child psychologists. Four CSA related attitude and belief subscales were identified through confirmatory factor analysis: (1) The Disclosure subscale reflecting favouring a disclosure at any cost; (2) The Pro-Child subscale reflecting unconditional belief in children's reports; (3) The Intuition subscale reflecting favouring an intuitive approach to CSA investigations; and (4) The Anti Criminal Justice System subscale reflecting negative attitudes towards the legal system. Beliefs that were erroneous according to empirical research were analyzed separately. The results suggest that some psychologists hold extreme attitudes and many erroneous beliefs related to CSA. Some misconceptions are common. Female participants tended to have stronger attitudes than male participants. The more training in interviewing children the participants had had, the more erroneous beliefs and stronger attitudes they had. Experience did not affect attitudes and beliefs.     

汉语颠倒词加工中重复知盲发生的水平

以汉语中的颠倒词为材料, 探讨汉语重复知盲的发生水平。采用RSVP方式呈现包含颠倒词对(C1和C2)的句子列表或词语列表, 让被试对列表中的词进行全部报告或报告是否存在重复词, 记录报告C2的正确率。三个实验采用3 (词语的重复性: 颠倒重复、完全重复、不重复) × 2 (颠倒词对的意义相似性: 意义不同、意义相似)两因素被试内设计, 结果在全部报告和报告是否存在重复词的实验中都出现重复性和意义相似性的交互效应, 但不同实验任务, 数据模式不同。该结果表明, 在RSVP任务中, 汉语颠倒词加工存在RB效应, 该效应产生的水平受制于不同的实验任务, 在部分报告任务中, 颠倒词的RB效应发生在知觉水平, 在全部报告任务中, 颠倒词的RB效应发生在语义水平。     

法律视野下的医药代表问题考量

医药代表本是医疗机构及医务人员与药品生产和经营企业之间的重要纽带,担当着传递研发信息,提供药品特点、禁忌等资讯,指导合理用药等重要职责。但从法律视角考量医药代表现状,我国医药代表领域却存在诸多的问题,有必要从建立监督管理机制、实行准入注册制度、明确职责、加强规范、完善法律法规等方面加以规制。