细菌耐药性及其防控中的理性思考

细菌对抗菌药物产生耐药性是自然界的普遍规律。抗菌药物的应用和研发与细菌耐药机制的发展互为因果且相互促进,细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性已对感染性疾病的治疗构成严重威胁。理性认识细菌耐药性产生的机制,并在其防控中进行理性思考是提高感染性疾病治愈率的根本所在。     

影像诊断中的系统辩证思路

本文根据影像诊断逻辑学原理,探讨影像诊断思路。影像诊断思路可分为两个层面的思维和四个相应阶段。两个层面的思维是对象思维和元思维。四个阶段是影像观察理解、异常影像解析、疾病假说构建、影像诊断验证。这一过程我们称为影像诊断的二层四阶段系统辩证思路。     

战国诸子思辩之风述略

战国时代是中国思辩学术发展的关键时期,百家争鸣形成了战国诸子思辩景观。就思辩所能达到的高度和深度而言,《庄子》和《墨经》之文体现出当时思辩的最高水平,成为战国思辩文章的典型之作,但二者又存在着实质的不同,形成了"别是一家"的《庄子》思辩和传统意味浓厚的《墨经》思辩,昭示了战国思辩乃至此后思辩学术和文化发展的两个趋势和方向,影响重大而深远。     

工作记忆内容对空间返回抑制的影响

工作记忆内容能够以相对自动化的方式引导视觉选择性注意。研究的目的在于考察工作记忆内容对空间返回抑制的影响。实验一要求被试在客体工作记忆保持阶段完成返回抑制任务,结果发现无论返回抑制任务目标是否与工作记忆内容匹配都出现了返回抑制效应。实验二要求被试在空间工作记忆保持阶段完成返回抑制任务,结果发现当目标落在记忆空间上时返回抑制效应消失。因此,空间返回抑制仅会受到基于空间工作记忆的视觉注意引导的影响。     

视觉客体在工作记忆中的累积构建

本研究采用变化觉察范式,以包含高、低空间频率信息的形状为刺激材料,探讨客体表征在工作记忆中的构建。结果发现,低频形状的工作记忆绩效显著优于高频形状,且二者辨别力的差别随SOA延长逐渐消失,说明低频信息优先进入视觉工作记忆。该结果支持工作记忆中客体表征的构建并非采用"全或无"的方式,而可能采用累积加工方式的假设。     

The psychological underpinnings of relative thinking in price comparisons

This article investigates the psychological underpinnings of relative thinking—the tendency of consumers to consider relative savings, and not just absolute savings, in their decisions to search for a deal or purchase an item. We examine how (i) cognitive load, (ii) the affective-richness of the product, and (iii) the consumer's propensity for intuitive decision-making influence relative thinking. As hypothesized, high cognitive load and affect-rich (vs. affect-poor) products, and individual level preference for intuitive decision-making aggravate this behavior. Our results present clear managerial implications along with developing a better understanding of the behavioral foundations of relative thinking.     

演绎推理是基于规则还是模型?——来自空间推理的证据

对空间推理的研究有助于探明其加工机制以及验证心理逻辑理论和心理模型理论。行为研究通过考察多种影响空间推理的因素(如心理模型数量、前提的对象顺序等)证实了心理模型理论的预测。脑成像的研究表明,空间推理活动主要激活枕-顶-额脑区网络,顶区可能是推理的特异性脑区。研究的结果同样支持心理模型理论。未来的研究应该整合演绎推理的不同理论,加强对不同演绎推理任务的研究,并将脑成像技术与EEG或ERP结合起来,进一步探明人类空间推理的机制。     

飞行员动态空间表征建构的策略研究

运用动态视觉空间工作记忆任务探讨了飞行员和对照组的动态空间表征的建构特征。从两个方面考察策略运用:(1)在客体运动轨迹表征反应选择项上,根据客体运动轨迹的几何特征将选择项设置为整体型策略和局部型策略;(2)有关策略运用的问卷测试。结果发现,在完成运动轨迹的动态工作记忆时,飞行员更多采用整体策略,控制组更多采用局部。结果提示具有较高空间能力的飞行员在合并运动刺激元素、整合客体表征转化为整体表征时具有优势。最后提出延时动态空间表征表达运动客体运动轨迹表征,其空间构型依赖于一段时间的客体运动特性的积累。     

Contemporary art and Hanna Segal's thinking on aesthetics

From the point of view of the history of ideas in psychoanalysis, a major shift may be described from Freud's starting point considering art as sublimation of sexual desires on a largely objectal level to later developments emphasizing the presence in art of destructiveness and narcissistic conflicts. Segal's contribution represents a watershed in this evolution. Following Klein, Hanna Segal suggests considering art in relation to depressive anxieties and reparation in such a way that artistic activity may be seen as an attempt 'to restore and re-create the loved object outside and inside the ego' which implies a successful work of mourning accompanied by symbol formation. For Segal, these reparative processes are conveyed through formal beauty which represents the victory of reparation over destruction. Nevertheless, contemporary art demands that we consider the intervention, in art, of more raw and less symbolized/sublimated processes, including acting-out in often primitive, psychotic or perverse ways. Thus this paper unfolds in two directions: on the one hand, it examines the differences and continuities between Freud's and Segal's thinking whilst, on the other, the author presents some alternative ideas which stress the search for truth and new thinking in contemporary art.     

Social dreaming:competition or complementation to individual dreaming?

Social dreaming is presented as a method to explore the unconscious dimension of the social world. The theoretical position of social dreaming and its historical development is described. Two examples are given for the practical application of social dreaming, a professional meeting of psychotherapists and an experiential workshop dealing with the aftermath of trauma. It is suggested that social dreaming is complementary to individual dreaming and offers insights and explanations, as well as guidance on various levels for applications in clinical, organizational, institutional and social settings.