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951.
Motor imagery in spinal cord injured people is modulated by somatotopic coding,perspective taking,and post‐lesional chronic pain 下载免费PDF全文
Michele Scandola Salvatore M. Aglioti Polona Pozeg Renato Avesani Valentina Moro 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2017,11(3):305-326
Motor imagery (MI) allows one to mentally represent an action without necessarily performing it. Importantly, however, MI is profoundly influenced by the ability to actually execute actions, as demonstrated by the impairment of this ability as a consequence of lesions in motor cortices, limb amputations, movement limiting chronic pain, and spinal cord injury. Understanding MI and its deficits in patients with motor limitations is fundamentally important as development of some brain–computer interfaces and daily life strategies for coping with motor disorders are based on this ability. We explored MI in a large sample of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) using a comprehensive battery of questionnaires to assess the ability to imagine actions from a first‐person or a third‐person perspective and also imagine the proprioceptive components of actions. Moreover, we correlated MI skills with personality measures and clinical variables such as the level and completeness of the lesion and the presence of chronic pain. We found that the MI deficits (1) concerned the body parts affected by deafferentation and deefferentation, (2) were present in first‐ but not in third‐person perspectives, and (3) were more altered in the presence of chronic pain. MI is thus closely related to bodily perceptions and representations. Every attempt to devise tools and trainings aimed at improving autonomy needs to consider the cognitive changes due to the body–brain disconnection. 相似文献
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空间关系的理解是概念表征向知觉表征的转化, 而空间关系的表达则是知觉表征向概念表征的转化。两种表征的转化以参照系为中介。视觉数量空间关系加工属于知觉表征向概念表征转化的空间关系表达过程。本研究通过控制方向、朝向及距离在启动与探测中的匹配关系, 采用三个实验探讨了数量空间关系加工中参照系各参数的表征及其相互作用。结果发现:(1) 数量空间关系加工中存在方向表征, 一定任务情境下存在朝向表征。(2) 距离匹配的促进效果只在启动刺激和探测刺激的方位关系处于参照系同轴时发生。这些结果进而说明, 数量空间关系加工中内隐地包含类别空间关系表征, 一定任务情境下, 可能存在垂直/水平的类别空间关系表征; 数量空间关系加工中的距离是联系于参照系轴的表征。 相似文献
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视觉空间关系识别中的认知加工特性 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11
通过两个实验分别检测 2 0名飞行员和 10名老年被试及其相应控制组的视觉空间关系识别中的认知加工水平 ,旨在探讨视觉空间关系识别中的类别关系和数量关系加工子系统所表现出的认知特性。研究结果表明 ,在参与视觉空间关系判断的两个典型加工子系统中 ,负责数量 (坐标 )空间关系判断的加工子系统既可随系统训练而表现出功能增强的练习效应 ,也可随年老过程而发生功能衰减的年龄效应。相对而言 ,涉及类别空间关系判断的加工子系统则较少受到练习和年老化因素的影响。研究提示 ,由于受大脑神经解剖结构特点以及加工任务性质的影响 ,数量空间关系加工子系统更多地表现出了认知加工的可塑性和易变性特点 ,而类别空间关系加工子系统则表现出相对的稳定性或可塑性较低的认知特性 相似文献
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Jason Brennan 《Philosophia》2007,35(2):207-217
Carl Hoefer has argued that determinism in block universes does not privilege any particular time slice as the fundamental
determiner of other time slices. He concludes from this that our actions are free, insofar as they are pieces of time slices
we may legitimately regard as fundamental determiners. However, I argue that Hoefer does not adequately deal with certain
remaining problems. For one, there remain pervasive asymmetries in causation and the macroscopic efficacy of our actions.
I suggest that what Hoefer may have shown us is that causation, not determinism, was the threat to free will all along. Additionally,
Hoefer might avoid the problem of the asymmetry of macroscopic efficacy by noting we have a very small region of space-time
completely determined by our choices. However, this move implies our freedom to act is freedom to do very little, given that
the region is trivial. I suggest that Hoefer should instead claim that we do have pervasive macroscopic efficacy toward the
past, though I am unsure of how well this thesis works. Regardless, there remains a problem that the inside-out perspective
requires us to see our choices as brute facts or random occurrences. Attempts to resolve this problem seem to require either
a theory of agent causation or a traditional compatibilist argument, making Hoefer’s thesis extraneous, unless he can show
us that these require the inside-out perspective. However, Hoefer has not yet shown us this, so there is work to be done.
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Jason BrennanEmail: |
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