医学生服务社区农村意向的调查与思考

医学生服务社区农村，是加强社区农村卫生服务体系队伍建设的必要条件。通过对不同专业（方向）高年级医学生服务社区农村就业意向的调查和相关资料分析，对我国社区农村医疗卫生服务人才培养模式进行了探讨，为建立健全中国式社区农村医疗卫生服务人才培养体系提供参考。     

不同性别比和童年经济状况对未婚男性性态度的影响

基于进化心理学的生命史理论,通过两个实验探讨性别比和童年经济状况同男性性态度间的关系。实验1和实验2分别采用图片和文字材料启动被试的性别比感知,结果发现感知性别比和童年经济状况对未婚男性的"随意性行为"态度表现出显著的交互效应：童年家庭经济状况差的未婚男性在感知到周围女性数量相对充裕的情境下,其性开放态度会较感知到周围男性数量充裕时明显上升;童年家庭富裕的男性的性开放态度在不同感知性别比下保持相对稳定。     

A School-Based,Primary Violence Prevention Program

Summary

This article presents findings from an evaluative study of a multidisciplinary violence prevention project jointly administered by a family practice clinic and junior high school in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The project team hypothesized that an intervention established on a public health model and aimed at enhancing adolescent self-esteem through cognitive and behavioral strategies would reduce the tendency to engage in violence of participating students. The project united health care personnel, social workers and legal profession-als in an effort to teach students specific cognitive tools for the reduction and avoidance of violent encounters. The experimental results do not reveal Project effectiveness in boosting self-esteem indicators among students, although the Project docs seem to have contributed to the control of students' behavioral aggression. Although a clear relationship between self-esteem and violent behavior is not demonstrated by the experimental results, the project study suggests that school-based, anti-violence programs based on a public health model can have a positive effect in the reduction of physical and verbal aggression among adolescents.     

辽宁省大学生心理健康素质调查研究

通过对辽宁省不同层次的大学982名大一与大三年级学生进行分层整体取样调查,结果显示：（1）大学生心理健康素质在适应和应对风格分量表上的得分大三年级高于大一年级,在归因风格分量上的得分大一年级高于大三年级,年级差异显著;（2）在人际素质、个性素质、认知风格分量表上性别差异显著;（3）大学生心理健康素质在适应、人际素质、动力系统、自我和应对风格分量表上均存在显著的专业差异,艺术类、文史类学生得分高于理工类学生。     

Police and prosecution systems: An evaluation of a police criminal case preparation program

Program evaluation can provide objective information relevant to decisions on program maintenance. A program to address problems in the preparation of criminal investigation reports in a metropolitan police department was evaluated. The program permanently altered environmental conditions under which reports were prepared to facilitate performance. Police officers, who had previously prepared reports without assistance, visited the Case Preparation Room to prepare reports with assistance from office personnel. Compared to reports prepared without assistance, reports prepared in the Case Preparation Room documented more case elements required by the state legal code for criminal prosecution, were completed in fewer days following arrests, and received higher ratings from Assistant District Attorneys. Operation of a permanent program available to approximately 945 officers proved a practical solution to improving the preparation of criminal investigation reports.     

Critical Issues in the Assessment of Child Sexual Abuse

This article explores the feasibility of using standardized psychometric methods in the initial stages of an investigation of child sexual abuse; methods that are less intrusive and therefore less damaging to children and their families. We review the complex conceptual and research issues that arise from attempts to assess the many-sided aspects of child sexual maltreatment. Among those considered in both the clinical and research spheres are problems of definition and diagnosis; limitations of clinical interviews, and a variety of direct and indirect psychological instruments used for investigating sexual maltreatment and risk assessment; the inadequacies of experimental designs; and also the political, practical, and ethical restraints that hinder research in this area. It is argued that there is insufficient evidence based on controlled studies or standardized normative tests to advocate any simple, unidimensional methodology for the screening task. However, recommendations are put forward for the cautious, conjoint use of several procedures in a multidimensional approach to assessing child sexual abuse. Suggestions are also made for future research and development.     

阿司匹林在缺血性脑卒中二级预防应用的现况调查

调查缺血性脑卒中患者二级预防中阿司匹林的使用情况,并初步分析其影响因素。本研究为现况调查,调查对象为神经内科门诊与病房就诊既往诊断明确的脑梗死或短暂性脑缺血发作患者,调查其近两周内的阿司匹林使用情况及相关影响因素。经过调查初步得出缺血性脑卒中幸存者应该给予抗血小板药物,除非预计患者不久将死亡或有严重的禁忌证,阿斯匹林应用比例少,剂量不足,应引起患者及医务人员的重视,临床医师应遵循临床指南给与正确的指导。     

我国当代青少年情感素质现状调查

本研究在青少年情感素质理论和发展的情感分类思想指导下, 在理论构想与实践探索相结合的基础上, 编制了富有原创性的内含6个分问卷、可测查青少年2层次6大类29种情感发展状况的调查工具——《青少年情感素质问卷》, 并以此对我国3类地区9大城市及其郊县的117所学校的25485名青少年学生进行首次大规模情感素质测查。结果发现: 我国青少年情感素质整体上处于积极正向状态, 但亟待提高; 男女生情感素质主要存在结构性差异; 情感素质未随学段升高而提高, 反有下降趋势, 其中乐学感和自信感下降达显著水平; 情感素质与学习成绩的自我评价、父母受教育程度呈正相关; 师生关系良好、教师有情施教对青少年学生各方面情感素质发展具有重要而直接的促进作用。     

2型糖尿病患者抑郁患病率调查与分析

调查2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者抑郁患病率,探讨影响抑郁发生的因素。从青岛市城区常住居民中随机抽取40岁以上者5000人,选取其中已诊T2DM患者440例,运用Zung抑郁自评量表等进行调查、测定临床生化指标,进行分析。T2DM患者抑郁患病率为21．82％,抑郁对血糖控制不利,病程长、收入低、应用胰岛素、有并发症、不运动、血糖控制差为T2DM患者抑郁患病的危险因素。     

Placebo in the investigation of psychotropic drugs,especially antidepressants

The paper presents major ethical, legal and methodological problems related to the use of placebo in mental disorders, especially in depression. It is pointed out that although authoritative groups of experts and numerous publications in the field of psychopharmacology indicate advisability of the double blind design with placebo in clinical trials of antidepressants, in recent years there have been more and more voices questioning legitimacy of this method. Objections of an ethical nature are raised, and reliability of this approach is put into doubt from the methodological viewpoint. These issues are discussed in more detail in the paper. Available alternative solutions should be implemented in psychotropic drug studies. The author shares these objections and doubts of an ethical nature, and believes that the placebo procedure is not a necessity in clinical trials of antidepressants. An earlier version of this paper was presented at an international conference, “Placebo: Its Action and Place in Health Research Today,” held in Warsaw, Poland on 12–13 April, 2003.