我国大陆地区网络心理咨询现状和伦理议题：“大数据”视角及伦理评估

随着计算机的发展,网络心理咨询受到越来越多的关注。本研究搜索和爬取网络心理咨询网站及咨询师信息,并采用16项伦理清单对其伦理规范进行评估。结果显示(1)网络心理咨询服务网站不断增多,网络心理咨询师数量逐年升高,但实际活跃数相对较少;(2)24个望网络心理咨询网站对咨询师的信息要求较为严格,对来访者信息要求模糊,且注意事项呈现不够充分。我国的网络心理咨询正在慢慢壮大,但是需要进一步加强伦理规范。     

Introduction: Multicultural Perspectives of Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma

Intergenerational transmission of trauma (ITT) has increasingly been a topic of interest among researchers. What still appears lacking is the thorough understanding of ITT in various marginalized cultural groups. This special issue is the second part of a 2-part series that systematically reviews the literature, synthesizes the literature, and conducts original research in ITT in marginalized groups. Due to known devastating and far-reaching effects of ITT, the authors of the 4 articles in this special issue attempt to shed light on ITT mechanisms and salient sociocultural factors that might lead to or exacerbate ITT in 4 marginalized communities. The authors also offer suggestions on culturally responsive ways of healing from ITT in these cultural groups.     

Ethical and Professional Challenges Posed by Patients with Genetic Concerns: A Report of Focus Group Discussions with Genetic Counselors, Physicians, and Nurses

Ninety-seven physicians, nurses, and genetic counselors from four regions within the United States participated in focus groups to identify the types of ethical and professional challenges that arise when their patients have genetic concerns. Responses were taped and transcribed and then analyzed using the Hill et al. (1997, Counsel Psychol 25:517–522) Consensual Qualitative Research method of analysis. Sixteen major ethical and professional domains and 63 subcategories were identified. Major domains are informed consent; withholding information; facing uncertainty; resource allocation; value conflicts; directiveness/nondirectiveness; determining the primary patient; professional identity issues; emotional responses; diversity issues; confidentiality; attaining/maintaining proficiency; professional misconduct; discrimination; colleague error; and documentation. Implications for practitioners who deal with genetic issues and recommendations for additional research are given.     

干细胞研究及其伦理学问题

干细胞是动物体内一种独特的基本细胞类型。干细胞分化时,有些成为特殊类型的细胞,另一些仍维持干细胞,准备替代机体衰老和损伤的细胞。这些干细胞本身能够复制,以供机体终生组织更新的需要。最基本的多能干细胞存在于早期胚胎中,科学家们成功分离和培育干细胞的报告,为退行性疾病主损伤甚至致合性疾病的治疗带来了新的希望,然而,与此同时也引起了世界范围的关于使用人类胚胎和死亡胎儿进行研究的伦理大争论。     

Graduate attributes of the 4‐year Australian undergraduate psychology program

This paper outlines the background, process and outcomes for a project that delineated a set of graduate attributes of the 4‐year Australian undergraduate psychology program. The nature of the current undergraduate psychology program and its quality assurance system is described, followed by a consideration of current issues in psychology education and training. The processes involved in delineating the six graduate attributes (i.e., knowledge and understanding, research methods, critical thinking, values, communication, and application) are then described. Some issues and suggestions related to their implementation are then outlined. Finally, the authors summarise what has been accomplished in delineating the graduate attributes, and what still needs to be achieved.     

Adverse Childhood Experiences: A 20-Year Content Analysis of American Counseling Association and American School Counselor Association Journals

The purpose of this content analysis was to illustrate trends related to the use of the term adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), or terms related to the 10 components of ACEs, within 140 peer-reviewed articles published in 22 journals affiliated with the American Counseling Association (ACA) and the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) between 1998 and 2018. Of the 9,120 articles published in the 22 ACA- and ASCA-affiliated journals in that time, only three articles (0.03%) explicitly mentioned the term adverse childhood experiences in the title, abstract, or keywords. Authors of 93 journal articles mentioned terms related to the original 10 categories of ACEs 104 times (1.0% of all published articles). The need for consistent language across research and practice is highlighted. Implications include ways that the counseling field may benefit from an increased clarity and focus around ACEs.