高校毕业生求职行为的影响机制研究

基于计划-行为理论,考察了836名高校毕业生求职行为的预测因素及其影响机制。层次回归和结构方程分析表明,控制了城乡和政治面貌的效应后,求职自我效能、求职期望、情绪控制、人格外倾和主观支持是影响求职行为的有效因素,其中求职自我效能、情绪控制、人格外倾和主观支持分别正向预测求职行为,而求职期望则负向预测求职行为;求职意向在求职期望和求职行为、情绪控制和求职行为、主观支持和求职行为之间的中介效果均显著,在求职自我效能和求职行为以及人格外倾和求职行为之间的中介效果不显著。     

当代农民工感知社会支持、自尊和主观幸福感的关系

本研究以600名农民工为被试,采用自编的农民工感知社会支持情景问卷以及修订的自尊量表、农民工主观幸福感问卷,以探讨农民工感知社会支持、自尊与主观幸福感的关系,并考查农民工自尊在其感知社会支持与主观幸福感之间的中介作用。结果表明：（1）高自尊水平农民工的主观幸福感及其各维度、感知社会支持都极其显著地高于低自尊农民工;（2）自尊水平与主观幸福感及各维度、感知社会支持水平之间存在极其显著的正相关关系;（3）感知社会支持、自尊与主观幸福感显著两两正相关;（4）自尊在感知社会支持基础上对主观幸福感及两个维度回归效应显著,为二者之间重要的中介变量。     

组织内信任对员工建言行为的影响研究

知识经济对创新的追逐对组织员工的自主性及创造性提出了更高的要求。在学术界,包括进谏行为在内的员工角色外行为研究近来备受关注。进谏行为是不囿于身份的,以改善为目的,以变化为导向的言语行为。以社会交换理论为基础,通过对苏南地区379名企业员工的问卷调查,研究探索了组织内信任对进谏行为的影响。结果发现,对同事信任、直接上级信任和组织信任均能促进员工进谏,且对直接上级信任部分地通过对组织信任影响员工进谏。研究还发现,员工进谏行为与其自评的任务绩效存在正相关。     

关系研究的新取向：社会网络分析

社会网络分析（Social Network Analysis, SNA）是用社会实体之间的关系来描述、解释和预测社会现象的一种研究取向。SNA提供了深入探究社会环境特征及其对个体心理发展影响的一种方法。本文基于SNA的发展历程,依次介绍了中心性分析、小团体分析、位置分析、QAP以及统计模型法。SNA在社会学研究中得到了较多应用,近年来在心理学研究中开始受到重视。     

社会心理学角度分析群体性事件综述

群体性事件作为我国社会转型时期的一个突出问题,近年来受到广泛关注。本文对近十年来从社会心理学角度研究群体性事件的相关文献进行梳理整合,总结归纳出三个重要方面,并对相关研究的不足之处提出了疑问和建议,以期对当前类似事件的应对有所借鉴及对后继研究有所启示。     

社会性问题解决研究述评

社会性问题解决是指个体在真实的社会情境中,有效地识别日常生活中遇到的特定问题或生活境遇,积极地面对问题,分析问题,发现有效解决方案的自我导向的认知、情感和行为过程。首先分析了社会性问题解决的概念,介绍了相应的测量工具,然后着重分析了社会性问题解决的影响因素(如个性特点),最后总结了社会性问题解决的影响效果。今后的研究需进一步探讨:社会性影响因素、相关研究的拓展和社会性问题解决疗法的应用等问题。     

竞争情境下社会比较认知偏差实验研究

本文以在校大学生为被试,考察社会比较的一个重要领域—学业竞争中的比较偏差。通过操纵竞争双方的实力(强VS.弱)以及竞争对手的信息清晰度(清晰VS.模糊)来考察不同的任务类型与信息清晰度对竞争中认知偏差的影响,以及探讨认知偏差对决策者决策意图的影响。结果发现,在社会比较中,面对不同类型的问题,会出现不同的认知偏差;竞争双方信息清晰时优于常人效应会减弱;认知偏差会影响个体的决策意图和决策行为。     

How to Cook Rice: A Review of Ingredients for Teaching anti‐Prejudice

There is a pressing need to address prejudice, racism, and discrimination against marginalised groups in Australia. This involves change from the structural to the individual level. In this article, we discuss the merits of individual anti‐prejudice mechanisms within the Australian context. First, we expand on nine mechanisms described in a previous paper and then review five new mechanisms. We conclude that while some mechanisms are likely to be useful regardless of location, others need to be tailored to the local context. We also conclude that effective interventions need to utilise multiple mechanisms. It is hoped that the synthesis of the different mechanisms provided here will assist anti‐prejudice researchers, practitioners, and policymakers striving to improve relations among different groups in our society.     

A socio-emotional relational framework for infidelity: the relational justice approach

Current clinical models for addressing infidelity tend not to make social context issues a central focus; yet, societal gender and power structures, such as female responsibility for relationships and limited male vulnerability, affect the etiology of affairs and create power imbalances in intimate relationships. How therapists respond to these societal influences may either limit or enhance the mutual healing of both persons in the relationship. Thus attention to these societal processes is an ethical issue. This paper presents one perspective, the Relational Justice Approach, for working with infidelity. It places gender, power, and culture at the center of intervention in couple therapy, and includes three stages: (1) creating an equitable foundation for healing, (2) placing the infidelity in a societal context, and (3) practicing mutuality. Each stage is illustrated with case examples and contrasted with current practice regarding infidelity.     

A Friend in Creed: Does the Religious Composition of Geographic Areas Affect the Religious Composition of a Person's Close Friends?

Numerous theories of religion rest on the assumption that the religious composition of local populations influences the religious identities of a person's close friends, but there have been few empirical tests of this assumption. Using a combination of data on the religious identity of close friends (from the 1988 and 1998 General Social Survey) and information on the religious composition of counties (from the U.S. Religious Congregations and Membership Study) we find that despite tendencies toward religious homogeneity, the religious composition of the surrounding population has an effect on the proportion of a respondent’s same‐religion friends and on the proportion of friends belonging to specific other religious groups. Local population characteristics are unrelated to the proportion of respondents’ friends known in congregational settings. Results have implications for a broad range of sociological theories of religion as well as research examining the impact of same‐congregation and same‐religion friends (e.g., health and well‐being).