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101.
Yu-Wen Ying 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(6):893-911
Examined cultural orientation in the domains of language proficiency, cultural activity, and social relationship, and its
relationship with psychological well-being in a group of 143 Chinese Americans in San Francisco. Four indicators of psychological
well-being were utilized, two assessing the experience of distress (depression level and negative affect) and two assessing
positive well-being (positive affect and life satisfaction). Domain-specific cultural orientations were found to hold differential
relationships with psychological well-being. For instance, bicultural activity orientation predicted the best psychological
well-being (regardless as to how it was assessed), but socially separatist individuals experienced less negative affect than
assimilated and bicultural respondents. Findings were discussed in the context of the multicultural setting of San Francisco.
It is suggested that future research retain separate assessments of domain-specific cultural orientation, examine the contribution
of the community's ethnic/cultural composition to its members' cultural orientations (i.e., address the role of person-environment
fit) and study their impact on psychological well-being.
The data reported here were collected as part of the author's doctoral dissertation. Ricardo F. Munoz and Guillermo Bernal
guided and supported the implementation of this study; Sunwoo Lee assisted with the data analysis; and Edison J. Trickett
and the anonymous reviewers offered helpful suggestions. 相似文献
102.
An empirical test of a comprehensive model of intrapersonal empowerment in the workplace 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Gretchen M. Spreitzer 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(5):601-629
A comprehensive model of intrapersonal empowerment in the workplace posits that empowerment mediates the relationship between
the social structural context and behavioral outcomes. The social structural context is operationalized as perceptions of
role ambiguity, sociopolitical support, access to strategic information and resources, and work unit culture, whereas behavioral
outcomes are operationalized as innovativeness and effectiveness. The model is examined on a sample of 324 middle managers
from different units of a Fortune 50 organization. Survey data are examined using a series of regression analyses to assess
the mediating effect of intrapersonal. Results suggest that intrapersonal empowerment mediates the relationship between some
elements of workplace social structure and innovativeness, but not effectiveness. Although not a mediating mechanism for effectiveness,
intrapersonal empowerment is nonetheless directly related to effectiveness (as assessed by the respondent's subordinates).
Implications of the results are discussed as are study limitations and directions for future research.
This paper is based on the author's dissertation, presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the doctoral degree
at the University of Michigan. I am grateful to my dissertation committee which included Robert E. Quinn (chair), Susan Ashford,
Richard Bagozzi, Karl Weick, and Marc Zimmerman for their thoughtful guidance. Thanks is also extended to Neil Sendelbach
for his help in facilitating data collection. The University of Michigan and the University of Southern California both provided
financial support for this research. This paper was prepared while the author was a Zumberge Fellow at the University of Southern
California. 相似文献
103.
Elena F. Brand Brian Lakey Shirley Berman 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(1):117-135
Investigated the effects of a 13-week preventive, psychoeducational intervention program to improve perceived social support.
Fifty-one, low-perceived support, community residents were randomly assigned to an intervention or wait-list control condition.
Intervention subjects received training in social skills and cognitive reframing regarding the self and social relations.
The intervention led to increased perceived social support from family, but not from friends. As hypothesized by social cognition
models, increases in perceived support appeared to be mediated by changes in self-esteem and frequency of self-reinforcement.
Further, such changes in cognition about the self were larger than the changes observed for perceived support, suggesting
that it may be easier to change cognition about the self than perceptions of support. 相似文献
104.
Shi-Xu 《Argumentation》1995,9(2):371-398
Traditionally, attitudes are supposed to predict behavior. However, due to their poor performance, we are sometimes advised to abandon the notion. The present study attempts to preserve the concept but takes attitudes to be evaluative goals accomplished through interactional, especially argumentative and explanatory activities. The paper uses reasoned-discourse analysis and demonstrates the attainment of positive attitudes towards the Dutch by expatriate Chinese intellectuals in the Netherlands by attending to a variety of argumentative and explanatory strategies in their interview talk. Results suggest that there is good empirical reason to believe that attitudes are accomplishments of communicating actors' rhetorical contextualizations. 相似文献
105.
Gordon J. DiRenzo 《Journal of Adult Development》1995,2(4):275-281
A comprehensive analysis of socialization requires a complex model that both explicates and synthesizes the various subprocesses involved in this phenomenon. Traditional concerns with socialization that have focused almost exclusively on its objective functions, that is, on those which serve society and its institutions, need to be complemented by an equal emphasis on subjective functions in terms of the sociological and psychological development of the individual. Chiefly relevant in this latter respect is the production of basic human needs and the consequences that result from their inadequate gratification in unauthentic and/or unresponsive societies. One such outcome that is particularly crucial to both personal and societal function is that of alienation, which can be assessed specifically in terms of its significance for civic participation. Our model recognizes the limits of both human systems and social systems; and, in terms of the principles of authenticity and responsivity, it articulates the linkage among these systems constituting the essence of socialization. Our model also provides an implicit clarification of the nature and meaning of citizenship in a democracy, which by definition should be a responsive society, and delineates the required sociopsychological images for maximizing the role of political participation. 相似文献
106.
Beatriz Staghezza-Jaramillo M.P.H. Hector R. Bird M.D. Madelyn S. Gould Ph.D. Glorisa Canino Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》1995,4(4):399-418
This paper examines those children receiving mental health services in Puerto Rico, their demographic and psychosocial characteristics, and describes service providers and nature of facilities. The survey was done on a probability sample of children ages 4 through 16 across the island of Puerto Rico (N=777). Need for services was clinically defined as presence of a DSM-III diagnosis and functional impairment. The overall rate of service utilization for Puerto Rican children was 6% (26.2% of definite cases and 5.1% of probable cases). In most cases services were provided by psychologists and/or social workers, and they were mainly provided in schools and general medical facilities. In over 60% of the children assessed as cases, who did not receive services, the reason, given by the parent was that they considered the problem not serious. Factors associated with service utilization were measures of psychopathology, teacher's perceived need, and parental rates of criticism and hostility. These findings suggest that there is a need for more research on the motivating factors for service use (impairment and parental criticism). Teachers could benefit from receiving special training to help them readily recognize behavioral problems in children, communicate them to parents and set up services alternatives. 相似文献
107.
Malcolm West M. Sarah Rose Clive S. Brewis 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1995,2(2):167-178
This study investigated the relevance of anxious attachment to the differentiation of psychologically distressed and non-psychologically distressed cardiac patients. Attachment is a biologically based behavioral system in which proximity to a special other is sought or maintained to achieve a sense of safety and security. Anxious attachment, as the name denotes, fails to achieve the function of attachment in the sense of individuals having little or no confidence in the availability of their attachment figures. Empirically, three scales (feared loss of the attachment figure, proximity seeking and separation protest) capture the features of anxious attachment as elaborated by Bowlby. These scales were administered to 178 cardiac rehabilitation patients drawn from the cardiac rehabilitation program of the Calgary General Hospital. The results indicate that feared loss and proximity seeking differentiated psychologically distressed from non-psychologically distressed patients. The implications of this finding for the understanding of psychologically distressed cardiac patients are discussed. 相似文献
108.
Merope Versi Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》1995,4(3):279-292
This study examined the differential effects of a school-based cognitive behavior modification intervention on (a) the interpersonal/social skills and (b) the social competence and school adjustment of two groups of middle school students identified as seriously emotionally disturbed. One groups of students exhibited internalizing emotional problems and the other group exhibited externalizing emotional problems. The objective of the study was to investigate whether the effectiveness of a school-based cognitive behavior modification intervention was significantly related to the type of emotional disturbance a student exhibits (i.e. internalizing or externalizing emotional disturbance). The sample consisted of an experimental and a control group of middle school students identified as seriously emotionally disturbed. The intervention was implemented in 23 biweekly 42-minute sessions. The results indicated that teacher ratings of student social competence and school adjustment were sensitive to treatment effects, although students' social skills self-ratings were not significantly affected by the treatment. A differential treatment effect was established in that externalizing students were significantly more responsive than internalizing students. 相似文献
109.
Dubrovskaya Nadezda M. Zhuravin Igor A. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1995,30(2):127-137
The experiments were performed on adult Wistar male rats trained to push with the forepaw on a fixed piston inside a narrow
tube. It was found that after localized intracerebral injection of a cholinergic antagonist into the dorso-lateral (but not
medial) neostriatum (i.e., the caudato-putamen) the behavioral performance requiring brief innate movements remained unchanged,
but the performance requiring a prolonged pushing movement (> 50 msec) became disrupted. Microinjection of carbacholine (0.03-3
μ g/1 μ1) did not affect the performance of the acquired movements, whereas scopolamine (3 μ g/1 μ1) led to the significant
decrease in pushing time. We conclude that changes in the state of the dorso-lateral neostriatal cholinergic system result
only in disturbances of the sensory-controlled component of a complex instrumental movement.
The 1994 Pavlovian Society Young Investigator Awardee was Nadezda Dubrovskaya, first author of this paper, which was presented
at the annual meeting of the Pavlovian Society, July 3, 1994, in Prague, Czech Republic. 相似文献
110.
The psychological adjustment of young immigrants in Norway 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
DAVID LACKLAND SAM 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1994,35(3):240-253
In order to examine the adjustment of young immigrants to their new cultural environment, questionnaires were administered to young Third World immigrants living in Norway. Responses (N = 568) obtained from these children aged 10 through 17 years old, indicated that even though they evaluated their health and present life as satisfactory, a good deal of low self-image, depressive tendencies and psychological and somatic symptoms were present among them. Approximately between 11 and 14% of the children were found to have from high to extreme levels of symptomatology. Anti-social behaviors were on the other hand almost entirely absent among the sample, a situation believed to be an artifact of the measuring instrument used. While no differences were observed between boys and girls with respect to how they evaluated their health and present life, girls were found to report more disorders than boys. Boys on the other hand reported engaging in more anti-social behaviours than girls. Using Norwegians of similar age as a reference group, these children were found to be worse off than their native peers. The children's psychological disorders were found to be related to their mode of acculturation, and that integration may be the most adaptive mode of acculturation. 相似文献