视觉观点采择中自我中心性偏差的抑制和归因之争

自我中心性偏差是社交失败的重要原因,但其产生机制还存在争议。以往研究存在抑制性选择模型与流利性错误归因两种理论观点:前者认为对自身观点的抑制失败会导致自我中心性偏差;后者则认为错误地选择自身更为流畅的信息会导致自我中心性偏差。为整合上述争论,提出抑制-归因协同作用模型,认为抑制和归因两种加工或可共同导致自我中心性偏差。未来研究应借助精巧的研究范式和特殊被试群体,进一步验证该模型。     

主观阶层研究取向的贡献与弊端

近年来社会阶层心理学研究领域对于主观阶层的研究取向高度重视,突出表现为强调社会阶层概念中的主观阶层成分,在理论阐述、概念测量、研究设计和研究问题选择上都倾向于关注主观阶层。这一取向为社会阶层心理学的发展奠定了基础,也扩展了该领域的研究方法及关注问题的视野。但它也造成了部分研究在理论层面与社会现实有所脱节、在概念层面过于忽视客观阶层、在方法层面过于依赖操纵主观阶层,以及在问题层面只关注高低二元阶层划分、对现实阶层多样性关注不足等弊端。未来应进一步深入开展基础研究以厘清客观阶层和主观阶层的关系及其不同的预测效应,在研究设计时对于客观阶层和主观阶层进行更细化的区分,同时可以更多关注于现实中的具体社会问题。     

农村留守儿童领悟家庭支持、朋友支持与抑郁的交叉滞后分析

为考察农村留守儿童领悟家庭支持、朋友支持与抑郁之间的双向预测关系,本研究对河南省159名留守儿童进行两次间隔四个月的问卷调查。结果发现：控制年级、性别后,T1抑郁显著负向预测T2领悟家庭支持与朋友支持;T1领悟朋友支持显著预测T2领悟家庭支持。研究揭示了农村留守儿童抑郁对领悟家庭支持与朋友支持的耗损效应以及朋友支持对家庭支持的溢出效应,对农村留守儿童心理关爱和预防干预具有一定的理论和实践启示。     

社会排斥促进亲群体行为意向：权力感的调节作用

亲群体行为在个体的成长与发展中具有重要的适应价值。三个研究探讨了社会排斥对亲群体行为意向的影响以及权力感的调节作用。研究1采用问卷法考察社会排斥与亲群体行为意向的关系,发现社会排斥能够正向预测亲群体行为意向;研究2与研究3采用实验法操纵社会排斥,并分别通过回忆法启动个体状态权力感（研究2）、测量特质权力感（研究3）,发现在社会排斥下,相比于低权力感者,高权力感者的亲群体行为意向更高,结果证实了权力感能够调节社会排斥对亲群体行为意向的影响。     

课程学习经历提升青少年社会参与素养：链式中介效应

运用基于学校的研究范式,以上海市某中学为样本学校,考察社会参与特色课程学习经历对青少年社会参与素养的影响机制。结果显示:（1）修学的特色课程门数（量）、情感体验（质）、公共服务动机和社会参与素养两两显著正相关;（2）情感体验和公共服务动机在课程学习数量和社会参与素养间发挥部分中介作用;（3）未发现基础课程成绩在链式中介中起调节作用。研究为通过加强课程情感体验进而提升青少年核心素养提供了积极启示。     

小学儿童谦虚行为的发展研究

谦虚行为是一种中国特有的亲社会行为,在有关儿童道德判断的跨文化研究领域具有比较特殊的意义.本研究通过实验室实验对311名7、9、11岁小学儿童的谦虚行为进行了有益的探索.结果发现,儿童的谦虚行为不仅与年龄因素有关,而且还会受到社会情境因素的影响.     

The perception of preschool social dominance

Children's and teachers' perception of social dominance was examined using a behavioral criterion for determining accuracy of verbal judgments. Video records of agonistic interactions were obtained during approximately 60 hours of free-play at two preschool centers. Analyses of social conflict episodes ending in submission revealed linear dominance structures for both groups. Dominance perception was assessed in two ways. Both teachers and children were asked to rank-order a subgroup of children according to dominance. They were also asked to select the more dominant children in a number of predetermined pairs. Results indicated that teachers could accurately judge dyadic dominance relations, and that accuracy among children varied as a function of their status within the group hierarchy. Findings have implications for social dominance assessment methodology, and for the issue of consensual versus ecological validity in developmental studies of social perception.     

The medial amygdala: Serotonergic inhibition of shock-lnduced aggression and pain sensitivity in rats

Two aspects of the amygdaloid complex (corticomedial and basolateral) were examined with reference to serotonergic inhibition of shock-induced aggression. Fighting was significantly depressed by serotonergic stimulation (5-HT, 10 μg bilateral) in the corticomedial amygdala while serotonergic blockade (methysergide, 5 μg bilateral) in this region increased levels of fighting. No consistent effects were obtained with serotonergic manipulation of the basolateral amygdala. Further investigation revealed that the state of serotonergic activity in medial amygdaloid sites was associated with concomitant alterations in the animals' sensitivity to footshock. Results are discussed in relation to a) a general inhibitory role of serotonin in behavioural mechanisms and b) a dopaminergic-serotonergic balance for behavioural arousal involving medial amygdaloid nuclei.     

Growth and social behavior of previously undernourished mice

Developing mice were growth-retarded by underfeeding of their mothers during lactation. Control mothers were well nourished throughout. All offspring were fed ad libitum from weaning till their behaviour was tested in adulthood. The undernourished mice had weight deficits at weaning of 49% compared with controls. Nevertheless, they showed partial catch-up growth thereafter, in that their absolute weight deficits decreased between weaning and adulthood. Social behaviour observations were made on pairs of mice of the same treatment group. Previously undernourished mice were slower to start attacking one another, spent more time near or in contact with one another and did less tail-rattling than their controls.     

Catholic Feminist Ethics Reconsidered

Taking Catholic sexual ethics and liberal feminist ethics as points of departure, this essay argues that both frameworks are ill‐prepared to deal with the moral problems raised by sex trafficking: while Catholic sexual ethics is grounded in a normative understanding of sexuality, liberal feminist ethics argues for women's sexual autonomy, resting upon freedom of action and consent. From a perspective that attends both to the phenomenological interpretation of embodied selves and the Kantian normative interpretation of dignity, it becomes possible to critique both the Catholic and the liberal feminist frameworks of ethics. I argue that Catholic sexual ethics requires a reconceptualization as social ethics in order to meet the challenges of our present time, but that the shift is possible without giving up the moral imperatives of both Catholic and feminist ethics to protect human dignity and women's rights.