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891.
Catherine Campbell Pamela Gillies 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2001,11(5):329-346
This paper reports on a micro‐qualitative case study of peoples' experiences of local community life in a south‐east English town. This material is used as the basis for a critical discussion of the suitability of Putnam's notion of social capital as a conceptual tool for the design and evaluation of ‘community strengthening’ policies and interventions. The study was motivated by a concern that too much debate about social capital has been conducted by academics and policy‐makers in a top‐down manner, with inadequate attention to the realities of life in the local communities that they refer to. Three‐hour semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 37 residents in two less affluent wards in our town of interest. Informants—half men and half women, and spread across the 15–75 age group—were encouraged to talk about their personal experiences of local community life. Interview findings are presented within the ‘norm’ categories of trust, neighbourliness and reciprocal help and support, and the ‘network’ categories of participation in informal networks, voluntary groupings and community activist groupings. Our case study points to a number of ways in which Putnam's concept needs to be refined if it is to inform ‘community strengthening’ policies and interventions in England. Far more notice needs to be taken of the role played by informal networks of friends and neighbours in the construction of local community life. Attention also needs to be given to the complex and shifting geographical spread of peoples' significant social networks. Putnam's conceptualization of cohesive local communities and his unitary notions of trust and local identity may also be unduly essentialist. In our particular communities of interest, they failed to capture the fluidity of local community norms and networks in a rapidly changing society. They also failed to do justice to the extent to which social distinctions—such as age, gender, ethnicity and housing tenure—shape and constrain the way in which people create, sustain and access social capital. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
892.
Yiping Ge;Yiwen Yu;Suqi Huang;Xinyi Huang;Li Wang;Yi Jiang; 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2024,115(1):115-128
Walking direction conveyed by biological motion (BM) cues, which humans are highly sensitive to since birth, can elicit involuntary shifts of attention to enhance the detection of static targets. Here, we demonstrated that such intrinsic sensitivity to walking direction could also modulate the direction perception of simultaneously presented dynamic stimuli. We showed that the perceived direction of apparent motion was biased towards the walking direction even though observers had been informed in advance that the walking direction of BM did not predict the apparent motion direction. In particular, rightward BM cues had an advantage over leftward BM cues in altering the perception of motion direction. Intriguingly, this perceptual bias disappeared when BM cues were shown inverted, or when the critical biological characteristics were removed from the cues. Critically, both the perceptual direction bias and the rightward advantage persisted even when only local BM cues were presented without any global configuration. Furthermore, the rightward advantage was found to be specific to social cues (i.e., BM), as it vanished when non-social cues (i.e., arrows) were utilized. Taken together, these findings support the existence of a specific processing mechanism for life motion signals and shed new light on their influences in a dynamic environment. 相似文献
893.
Camilla Bakkær Simonsen;Barbara Egilstrød;Charlotte Overgaard;Sine Agergaard; 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2024,34(2):e2771
In low-income communities, there is often a lack of resources and facilities for adolescents to engage in organized sports and leisure time physical activity. Therefore, different intervention strategies have been applied to promote physical activity. Yet, a systematic overview of the experiences of those involved in the interventions is lacking. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative systematic review was to synthesize participating adolescents', their parents' and other stakeholders' perspectives on family and/or community interventions that seek to support adolescents' leisure time physical activity in low-income areas. Five databases were searched using PIICo (P [population], I [intervention], I [phenomena of interest], and Co [context]) to operationalize the review question. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Through a thematic synthesis inspired by Thomas and Harden, six themes were constructed: (1) developing relationships with a trustworthy adult coach, (2) meeting an inclusive approach: ‘A place for everyone’, (3) forming new friendships through fun sports activities, (4) receiving support through free services, (5) experiencing the neighbourhood as unsafe and (6) challenging life circumstances for adolescents' participation. The findings showed that coaches and other programme staff are significant for adolescents' positive experiences of the intervention and continuous participation. Furthermore, mutual trust, respect and coaches utilizing inclusive approaches were significant to the development of social bonds between peers and their coaches. However, life circumstances and the experience of an unsafe neighbourhood impacted the adolescents' attendance negatively. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. 相似文献
894.
Eimear Byrne;Daragh Bradshaw;Michelle Kerin;Irene Pepe; 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2024,34(1):e2727
Prevalence of mental health difficulties is demonstrably higher in prison rather than general populations. Compounding this, prisoners often display a reluctance to seek help, which can undermine rehabilitation. Recent years has seen an increase in studies exploring the factors involved in help-seeking behaviours amongst prisoners. However, many of these studies come from different disciplines and do not use an overarching theoretical approach. Consequently, policymakers face a difficult task of synthesising and interpreting the findings from different perspectives. Using a deductive thematic analysis informed by a social identity framework, this current study aims to synthesis the existing research and provide an overarching theoretical perspective. Eleven databases were systematically searched for studies exploring help-seeking behaviours in prisoners with mental health difficulties. Results indicate that prisons represent sites of enactment of a specific institutionalised identity that inhibits help-seeking behaviour. Three themes relating to (1) the maintenance of positive group identity, (2) ‘us’ and ‘them’, and (3) inhibiting prison context were identified. This review provides an overarching coherent narrative of the experiences and perspectives of prisoners help-seeking behaviour. This can enable policymakers develop theory-based approaches to support this vulnerable cohort. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. 相似文献
895.
Despite the importance of naturalized representations for explaining, creating and recreating social reality, little empirical research has examined the resistance to and change in naturalized representations in talk. By approaching populism as a naturalized representation, this article examines the dialogical construction of populism in 55 Finnish lay interviews. Our analysis consists of two parts. First, we conduct a reflexive thematic analysis to identify the meanings of the naturalized representation of populism. Additionally, by relying on work in critical discursive psychology, we perform a more fine-grained analysis to illustrate how the naturalized representation of populism is used in talk to construct social reality and intergroup boundaries. Second, by relying on critical discursive psychology, we illustrate the discursive strategies that allowed some of our interviewees to contest the naturalized representation of populism in talk. This study offers novel contributions to the existing literature on populism and social representations by analysing the meanings and functions of the term ‘populism’ in lay discourse, responding to the call to combine social representations theory and the discursive approach, and offering insights into the changes in naturalized representations. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. 相似文献
896.
Luise Kratt;Gesine Höltmann;Swen Hutter;Jule Specht; 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2024,34(6):e2894
Social support can benefit its recipients and even its providers and is especially important in times of crisis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, support from society and personal networks became particularly crucial but individuals greatly differed in their support reception and provision. The Big Five personality traits may be key to explaining these interindividual differences: In this study, we investigated their impact on the support provided, received and additionally needed during the COVID-19 pandemic using data collected in October 2020 in a large German sample (N = 3330). The Big Five personality traits predicted support received from the state, civil society and the social network, with extraversion and openness emerging as positive and conscientiousness and emotional stability as negative predictors. The need for additional support was predicted positively by openness and negatively by conscientiousness, emotional stability and agreeableness. Support provision was predicted by all traits, positively by extraversion and openness and negatively by conscientiousness and emotional stability. Notably, agreeableness showed positive associations with social but negative associations with societal support reception and provision. Our findings highlight the importance of personality in social support processes during crises and the need to distinguish between different support sources. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. 相似文献
897.
Carlie D. Trott; 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2024,34(6):e70001
Youth activism for climate justice is inherently intergenerational. Fundamentally, young activists demand urgent action by today's adult power-holders for the security and well-being of their own and future generations. Despite intergenerationality being core to the movement, few studies with young activists have explored their views and experiences of intergenerational relations and tensions and how to advance intergenerational solidarities for climate justice. Addressing these critical topics, the present study used in-depth interviews with young activists (ages 15–17) in the climate justice movement across the US. Themes generated through reflexive thematic analysis centre on: (1) youths' adoption of “next generation” and “last generation” identities, respectively emphasising the heightened climate risks faced by their own and future generations, and the closing window of opportunity to prevent catastrophic climate breakdown; (2) their experiences of hostile and benevolent adultism; and (3) the need for adults to listen to, take seriously, centre, amplify, and—most importantly—respond to youths' demands. They urge adults, particularly those in powerful positions, to use their age-based privilege, political enfranchisement, material resources, professional status, and decision-making authority to uplift young people's voices and tangibly advance climate justice through solidarity-driven intergenerational partnerships and action. Implications for youth-centred research and policy are discussed. 相似文献
898.
Rachel Louise Crone;Richard James Brown;Tobyn Bell; 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2024,24(3):936-948
A core component of compassion-focussed therapy (CFT) is imagery. This study aimed to explore the experiences of ‘compassionate other’ imagery practice in individuals with social anxiety. 相似文献
899.
Lina Molokotos-Liederman 《宗教、国家与社会》2016,44(1):32-50
This article explores the impact of the economic crisis on the Orthodox Church of Greece (OCG). The first three parts of the article set the current stage by offering a short overview of the crisis and the response of the OCG through its charitable social welfare activities. The fourth part looks at church–state relations in Greece, covering more particularly its financial aspects. The fifth and final part discusses how the economic crisis has affected the OCG itself, including its own finances and governance, and sustainability and mission in the long term. Although the OCG provides social assistance to the Greek population during the economic crisis, it also finds itself very much affected by the same crisis. The economic crisis has forced the OCG to reduce its operating costs while at the same time continue its extensive social work. The crisis has also prompted public debates and questions about the finances of the OCG. This situation may gradually force either the Greek state or the OCG, or perhaps both, to rethink their relationship in the future. 相似文献
900.
The article discusses the link between religious and civic participation in Riga based on the data obtained from a social survey in 2014. Religious and civic participation is a prerequisite for building social capital within a local community. Four types of relationships between civic and religious engagement have been identified: (1) individuals with no religious or civic activity; (2) religiously active individuals with no civic activity; (3) individuals involved in civic activities but who are religiously inactive; and (4) individuals involved in both religious and civic activities. Although the survey data indicate a weak correlation between civic and religious activities, religiously active individuals are more likely to be involved in civic activities. 相似文献