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Huijbregts SC Séguin JR Zoccolillo M Boivin M Tremblay RE 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2007,35(2):203-215
This study investigated associations between maternal prenatal smoking and physical aggression (PA), hyperactivity-impulsivity
(HI) and co-occurring PA and HI between ages 17 and 42 months in a population sample of children born in Québec (Canada) in
1997/1998 (N=1745). Trajectory model estimation showed three distinct developmental patterns for PA and four for HI. Multinomial regression
analyses showed that prenatal smoking significantly predicted children’s likelihood to follow different PA trajectories beyond
the effects of other perinatal factors, parental psychopathology, family functioning and parenting, and socio-economic factors.
However, prenatal smoking was not a significant predictor of HI in a model with the same control variables. Further multinomial
regression analyses showed that, together with gender, presence of siblings and maternal hostile reactive parenting, prenatal
smoking independently predicted co-occurring high PA and high HI compared to low levels of both behaviors, to high PA alone,
and to high HI alone. These results show that maternal prenatal smoking predicts multiple behavior regulation problems in
early childhood. 相似文献
123.
Two inter-related studies examined the effect of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on attitudes towards war and violence. A three-wave between-subjects analysis revealed that attitudes towards war became more positive after September 11, 2001 and remained high over a year afterwards. Self-reported trait physical aggression also rose after September 11. Attitudes towards penal code violence (PCV) became more positive immediately after September 11, but were somewhat reduced a year afterward. A two-wave within subjects study revealed that war attitudes became even more positive at 2 months post-September 11. Attitudes towards PCV became less positive during this time period, but only for women. Other aggression-related attitudes were not affected in either study. These studies demonstrate that a large-scale event can change attitudes, but those attitudes must be directly relevant to the event. 相似文献
124.
为了更好地了解吉林省医务人员的吸烟状况,为进一步开展控烟工作提供科学依据,对吉林省50家医疗机构的3787名医务人员进行问卷调查,调查结果显示,男性医务人员吸烟率较高;医务人员对烟草危害认识不全面,控烟意识较为薄弱.应加强对医务人员烟害知识等方面的培训,以改变其吸烟行为、提高控烟责任意识. 相似文献
125.
Maxine L. Stitzer Cynthia S. Rand George E. Bigelow Andrew M. Mead 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1986,19(2):197-202
We assessed the ability of a combined contingent reinforcement and intensive monitoring procedure to promote and sustain temporary smoking cessation among 34 hired research volunteers, and the ability of a smoking reduction test to predict the subsequent initiation of abstinence. During the 5-day cutdown test, subjects were paid from $0 to $6 per day depending on the extent of reduction from baseline CO levels. During the abstinence test, breath samples were obtained three times daily and subjects were paid $4 for each CO reading ≤11 ppm. Sixty-eight percent of subjects initiated abstinence. Of the breath samples collected during the abstinence test (91% of scheduled samples), 96.5% were ≤11 ppm and 80.5% were ≤8 ppm. Subjects who earned more money during the cutdown test were more likely to abstain (r = ?0.51, p < .001). Contingent reinforcement and intensive monitoring procedures appear to have usefulness for analog studies of smoking reduction and cessation. 相似文献
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Facilitation of human tobacco self-administration by ethanol: a behavioral analysis. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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R R Griffiths G E Bigelow I Liebson 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1976,25(3):279-292
The effect of ethanol on the cigarette smoking of alcoholic subjects was studied in a residential laboratory. During daily 6-hr sessions, cigarettes were obtained either by request to the ward staff or by operation of a lever (fixed-ratio 5 or 10). In a mixed sequence across days, sessions involved ingestion of either vehicle (orange juice or vehicle plus ethanol (133.7 g). During ethanol sessions, the rate of cigarette smoking increased from 26% to 117% of vehicle levels. A series of control studies eliminated a number of potential behavorial mechanisms for the observed effect and indicated that the ethanol-induced increase in cigarette smoking occurred under a variety of experimental conditions: (1) when smoking could not occur concurrently with ethanol or vehicle consumption; (2) when subjects were not allowed to socialize; (3) when ingestion of ethanol or vehicle was scheduled for a number of consecutive days; (4) when various doses of ethanol were administered under blind conditions. In control experiments, weighing unsmoked tobacco and counting the number of puffs per cigarette indicated the effect was not due to smoking less of each cigarette. The effect was not limited to the experimental sessions alone, since total daily smoking was higher on ethanol days than vehicle days. 相似文献
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