The development and validation of the Privacy and Data Security Concerns Scale (PDSCS)

This study describes the development and validation of the Privacy and Data Security Concerns Scale (PDSCS), designed to assess job applicants’ privacy and data security concerns. Validity evidence for the PDSCS was established with four steps including: item generation and content validation, item reduction, confirmatory factor analysis, and construct and criterion validity. Our findings supported the content and proposed factor structure of the nine‐item PDSCS. Specifically, the proposed three‐factor structure (with the subdimensions: Secure connection, inappropriate use of information, and mistrust in employer security practices) as well as a second‐order factor, (termed privacy and data security concerns) were confirmed. Additionally, evidence is presented for the criterion validity of the PDSCS and its subdimensions.     

斯-欧非言语智力测验评介

斯-欧非言语智力测验1943年由荷兰女学者Snijders-Oomen编制,经多次修订后出现多个版本,目前应用最广、最新和最具代表性的是SON-R 5.5-17和SON-R 6-40两个版本。前者包含归类、拼板、隐蔽图形、连线、情境、类比和故事七个分测验,考查5.5岁到17岁人群的抽象推理、具体推理、空间、知觉四种能力。后者选取了类比、拼板、归类和连线四个分测验组成,测查6岁到40岁人群的智力。研究表明,该测验内部一致性信度、概化系数和效度均达到了心理测量学质量要求。该测验有言语指导和非言语指导两套指导语,施测使用了适应性程序,并给被试提供反馈,具有认知诊断功能,适用于测量正常和特殊群体的智力,也可用于研究文化因素对智力的影响和智力测验的公平性等问题。     

创伤后成长：5·12地震创伤的新视角

创伤后成长是人们与主要的生活危机斗争后所体验到的一种积极的心理改变。对此概念的认识存在着结果与策略、建设功能与幻想功能、认知成分与行为成分的争论。对它的解释模型包括经历困难的力量、心理准备和存在的再评价。而它与心理健康的关系仍存在争议。建议此领域的研究应从概念澄清入手,开展过程研究和纵向研究,建立行为指标,关注其临床应用,进行本土化研究,并为5·12震后心理重建工作提供新的思路     

科技干扰与青少年智能手机成瘾的关系：情绪症状和环境敏感性的作用

本研究以问卷法对湖北省两所中学共3219名初一至初三的中学生进行调查,建立结构方程模型来考察在家庭环境中由于父母使用科技设备而产生的科技干扰对青少年智能手机成瘾的影响机制。结果发现：（1）科技干扰不仅能直接正向预测青少年智能手机成瘾,还能通过情绪症状的中介作用间接预测青少年智能手机成瘾;（2）环境敏感性在情绪症状对青少年智能手机成瘾的影响中起显著的调节作用,具体而言,较高的环境敏感性能够缓冲情绪症状对青少年智能手机成瘾的影响。     

Speed-Interactive Treadmill Training Using Smartphone-Based Motion Tracking Technology Improves Gait in Stroke Patients

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of speed-interactive treadmill training (SITT) using smartphone-based motion tracking technology on gait in stroke patients. Thirty-four chronic stroke patients were randomly divided into a SITT group (n = 18) and a standard treadmill training (control) group (n = 16). The SITT group underwent smartphone-based SSIT while the control group underwent standard treadmill training. Both groups performed the training for 35 min per session, 3 times per week, for 6 weeks. Both groups used nonmotorized treadmills so that patients could control the speed. Evaluation was conducted during the week before and after the training. The OptoGait system measured gait spatiotemporal parameters. Both groups showed significant improvement in the temporal and spatial gait parameters (p < .05). In the SITT group, compared to the control group, the two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures showed an improvement in the temporal and spatial gait parameters after the intervention period (p < .05). This study confirmed that SITT improved the gait function of stroke patients. Based on this result, the authors propose that SITT, by improving gait, can be used as an effective training method to improve patients' functional activities in the clinic.     

Strengthening scientific verbal behavior: an experimental comparison of progressively prompted and unprompted programmed instruction and prose tutorials

Web-based software was used to deliver and record the effects of programmed instruction that progressively added formal prompts until attempts were successful, programmed instruction with one attempt, and prose tutorials. Error-contingent progressive prompting took significantly longer than programmed instruction and prose. Both forms of programmed instruction substantially increased the appropriate use of behavioral vocabulary during subsequent interpretive essays. These behavioral gains extended to a different setting, suggesting that more was being learned than simply how to answer programmed tutorial frames correctly.     

Investigating the Relationships Between Mobility Behaviours and Indicators of Subjective Well-Being Using Smartphone-Based Experience Sampling and GPS Tracking

People interact with their physical environments every day by visiting different places and moving between them. Such mobility behaviours likely influence and are influenced by people's subjective well-being. However, past research examining the links between mobility behaviours and well-being has been inconclusive. Here, we provide a comprehensive investigation of these relationships by examining individual differences in two types of mobility behaviours (movement patterns and places visited) and their relationship to six indicators of subjective well-being (depression, loneliness, anxiety, stress, affect, and energy) at two different temporal levels of analysis (two-week tendencies and daily level). Using data from a large smartphone-based longitudinal study (N = 1765), we show that (i) movement patterns assessed via GPS data (distance travelled, entropy, and irregularity) and (ii) places visited assessed via experience sampling reports (home, work, and social places) are associated with subjective well-being at the between and within person levels. Our findings suggest that distance travelled is related to anxiety, affect, and stress, irregularity is related to depression and loneliness, and spending time in social places is negatively associated with loneliness. We discuss the implications of our work and highlight directions for future research on the generalizability to other populations as well as the characteristics of places. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology     

“打”出来的手机成瘾？父母粗暴养育对青少年智能手机成瘾的作用

对湖北省两所中学3219名初一至初三年级学生进行问卷调查,建立结构方程模型考察父母粗暴养育、核心自我评价、友谊质量和青少年智能手机成瘾的关系。结果发现：（1）核心自我评价在父母粗暴养育和青少年智能手机成瘾之间起部分中介作用,即父母粗暴养育既对青少年智能手机成瘾产生直接影响,也通过核心自我评价对青少年智能手机成瘾产生间接影响;（2）父母粗暴养育和核心自我评价的关系（中介作用的前半段路径）受到友谊质量的调节,即在高友谊质量和低友谊质量条件下,随着粗暴养育程度的增加,青少年核心自我评价均显著下降,但在高友谊质量的条件下,下降的程度更高。研究结果有助于揭示父母粗暴养育对青少年智能手机成瘾的影响及其作用机制,为预防和干预青少年智能手机成瘾带来一些重要的启示。     

科技干扰对青少年智能手机成瘾的影响:核心自我评价与心理需求网络满足的作用

采用问卷调查法,以4372名中学生为研究对象,考察核心自我评价和心理需求网络满足在亲子间科技干扰与青少年智能手机成瘾之间的中介作用。结果表明:(1)亲子间科技干扰可显著正向预测青少年智能手机成瘾;(2)在控制了性别、年龄之后,科技干扰可分别通过核心自我评价和心理需求网络满足间接地影响青少年智能手机成瘾。