肿瘤组织库规范化操作程序的探讨

肿瘤组织是人类直接探讨肿瘤发生、发展和转移机制的研究对象,建立肿瘤组织库(tumor tissue bank,TTB),使用一套规范化操作程序(standard operating procedures,SOPs)来收集高质量的组织标本,避免其浪费势在必行。规范化TTB的建设也将涉及TTB的信息化管理及通用数据元素(common data elements,CDEs)的开发。深入探讨这些方面将有助于我国科研机构建立起自己标准化的TTB。     

应用MDCT检查与诊断大肠癌中的人文关怀

MDCT诊断大肠癌的价值较高。随着医学的发展,医学模式的转变,越来越要求医生在诊断及治疗疾病的同时,从患者心理及社会角度体现人文关怀。完成整个大肠癌的检查及诊断过程需要医生及患者与家属的共同努力,医生在此过程中,不仅要对患者的疾病关注,而且还要体现对患者的心理健康与生命的关怀,社会角色的理解。     

Multi-disclinational description of pentagonal particles with subsurface layer free of twin boundaries

We present the results on the modelling of structural changes in pentagonal small particles (PSPs) during their growth. We prove that after a certain critical size it becomes energetically favourable for a PSP to form a subsurface layer free of twin boundaries (TBs), which are only typical structural elements for smaller size PSPs. In this layer, the low-angle dislocation boundaries (DBs) are formed. Our calculations of the energy stored in the transformed PSP are based on the disclination model of a PSP, in which the TB junctions, as well as TB–DB junctions are treated as wedge disclinations.     

Maternal and Paternal Perception of Child Vulnerability and Behaviour Problems in Very Preterm Born Children

Preterm born children have more behaviour problems than term born children. Perinatal risks, current child functioning, sociodemographic characteristics, parental psychological distress and parental perceptions of child vulnerability (PCV) have been shown to be risk factors for behaviour problems. However, the role of maternal and paternal PCV is unclear, as these have not been investigated as a risk factor for behaviour problems, with all other risk factors taken into account. Aim of this study is to investigate whether maternal and paternal PCV are independent risk factors for behaviour problems in very preterm (VP) and term born children. The present study is a single centre prospective cohort study. Preterm children (n = 104), born at <30 weeks' gestation and/or birth weight <1000 g, and term children (n = 95) were assessed at age 5. Results showed that risk factors for parent‐rated behaviour problems were low/middle parental education, VP birth, parental stress and, in VP children, maternal PCV. Risk factors for teacher‐rated behaviour problems were low/middle parental education, foreign parental country of birth, intrauterine growth restriction and objective child vulnerabilities. It can be concluded that maternal PCV is a risk factor for parent‐rated behaviour problems in VP children. When VP children are presented with behavioural problems, clinicians ought to be aware of the possibility that parents might still perceive their child as vulnerable. The neonatal history of the child, the way parents experienced that period, their perceptions of the child and possible consequences of these perceptions could be subjects for conversation during visits at follow‐up clinics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

105例额叶、非额叶肿瘤患者词语流畅性作业的比较研究

让４８例额叶肿瘤患者,２６例颞叶肿瘤患者,２６例顶枕叶肿瘤患者,５例额颞肿瘤或颞顶肿瘤患者（全部病人分为左脑肿瘤５６例,右脑肿瘤４９例）说同类词,说非其类词及Ｓｔｒｏｏｐ测验。结果表明：１．额叶组说同类词总和明显低于颞叶组。２．额叶组读色字及读字色两项任务所用时间明显长于颞叶组及顶枕叶组。３．额叶组读色字及字色出现的错误频率明显高于正常人组及顶枕叶组。４．左脑肿瘤组说同类词及读黑色、色字及颜色命名的成绩明显低于右脑肿瘤组。资料提示：额叶肿瘤比颞叶与顶枕叶肿瘤、左脑肿瘤比右脑肿瘤更容易影响被试的词语记忆能力、选择性注意能力及分类归属能力。     

妇科恶性肿瘤患者保留女性正常生理功能的思考

妇科医生需重视对妇科恶性肿瘤患者进行保留女性正常生理功能的治疗。对少女、育龄期妇女及早期患者治疗恶性肿瘤的同时,应尽量保留其正常的生理功能。需对患者进行全面评估,严格掌握实施保留生育功能手术的适应证;为预防放化疗对卵巢功能的损害,可以采取卵巢移位、卵巢组织冷冻移植,也可通过辅助生殖技术进行未成熟卵泡培养、卵子冷冻、卵母细胞冷冻及胚胎冷冻等。     

螺旋CT小肠造影及传统气钡双重对比造影检查在诊断小肠肿瘤性疾病中的价值比较

为了探讨螺旋CT小肠造影（CT enterograph,CTEG）及传统气钡双重对比造影检查在诊断小肠肿瘤性疾病中的价值。回顾性分析小肠肿瘤50例,患者先后行CTEG及传统气钡双重对比造影检查,所得图像由3位放射科医师进行评价。结果显示,50例小肠肿瘤性病变CTEG检查敏感性94％,准确性90％。传统气钡双重对比造影检查敏感性100％,准确性86％。两种方法相结合准确性98％。CTEG及传统气钡双重对比造影检查结合应用可作为小肠肿瘤诊断和评估治疗的必要的检查方法。     

外科手术在ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌治疗中的作用

ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌治疗方式存在争议,对于N1期患者,外科手术被广泛接受,对于N2期患者,国内外存在一定的分歧。对于N2期患者,外科手术治疗的效果主要取决于纵隔淋巴结转移情况,微灶转移和单站淋巴结转移患者,外科手术治疗效果比较满意,多站淋巴结转移患者外科手术治疗效果较差,而是需要做行根治性的放化疗。     

淋巴管生成与肿瘤转移间的关系

肿瘤淋巴管生成是肿瘤转移过程的必要环节,肿瘤细胞可以通过表达淋巴管生成的调控因子VEGF-C和VEGF-D诱导淋巴管生成,并且促进肿瘤细胞的淋巴道转移。肿瘤淋巴管生成及其对抗研究是当前肿瘤研究的热点,并有可能成为治疗肿瘤淋巴道转移的靶点。两者之间关系密切,并且相互作用,相互影响。     

Constructing Gender in Chat Groups

We investigated the construction of gender in chat groups. Four unacquainted persons chatted in two gender-anonymous conditions and a non-anonymous control condition. In one anonymous condition, the gender focus was made salient. The other groups did not know about the gender focus. All participants had to guess the gender of the others and give reasons for their decisions. Results suggest that (a) overall, 2/3 of gender guesses fit the sex category of the targets, (b) gender anonymity was more comfortable for women, (c) participants used mostly gender-stereotypic cues to infer gender, however, men and women used syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic cues (with different predictive value) to different degrees, (d) conversational behavior varied depending on gender anonymity, and (e) degree of gender salience was irrelevant for the use of gender as an organizing category.