试论肿瘤治疗思维应从对抗向和谐转换

当前对抗性模式主导下的肿瘤治疗,有其特定的哲学基础,即以溯因分析的方法,主张对疾病的明朗化,视疾病为异端,采取对抗性的治疗将其斩尽杀绝,由此带来了肿瘤治疗所面临的一系列问题,从自然哲学的角度看,人类需要和无数物种共存,包括肿瘤细胞,自然界生态平衡的破坏已经给人类带来了灾难,由此反思肿瘤的治疗,我们需摒弃既往的对抗性思维...     

Gene flow by selective emigration as a possible cause for personality differences between small islands and mainland populations

Whether personality differences exist between populations is a controversial question. Even though such differences can be measured, it is still not clear whether they are due to individual phenotypic responses to the environment or whether they have a genetic influence. In a population survey we compared the personality traits of inhabitants of an Italian archipelago (the three Egadi islands; N = 622) with those of the closest mainland population (Trapani area; N = 106) and we found that personality differences between small populations can be detected. Islanders scored significantly lower on the personality traits of openness to experience and extraversion and higher on conscientiousness. We suggest that these personality trait differences could be an adaptive response to a confined socio‐environmental niche, genetically produced by a strong, non‐random gene flow in the last 20–25 generations, rather than the flexible response of islanders to environmental variables. To test this hypothesis, we compared subsets of the islander population classified by ancestry, birthplace, immigration and emigration and found that differences in extraversion can be accounted for by gene flow, while openness to experience and conscientiousness can also be accounted for by some gene–environment interactions. We propose a Personality Gene Flow hypothesis suggesting that, in small isolated communities, whenever there is strong, non‐random emigration, paired with weak and random immigration, we can expect rapid genetic personality change within the population. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关注肿瘤患者的心理健康，提高医患沟通质量

心理健康对于肿瘤患者来说非常重要,医生应该在治疗患者身体疾病的同时,关注他们的心理健康状态,注意医惠沟通技巧。不仅有利于患者的康复,也能提高医患沟通质量,促进发展良好的医患关系。     

社会心理因素与妇科肿瘤关系的研究

研究社会心理因素与妇科肿瘤的关系。运用临床心理评定量表(LES、SDS),对香港地区妇科肿瘤患者进行了病前调查和病后调查,分析60例香港妇科恶性肿瘤患者病前遭遇的生活事件(LES)和病后抑郁程度(SDS),并与同地区的妇科良性肿瘤患者和无任何肿瘤者各60例相比较。病前调查结果表明在发病前3个月至1年内,妇科恶性肿瘤组、良性肿瘤组和对照组(无任何肿瘤者)相比较,其生活事件总频数,尤其是负性事件频数、精神紧张总值及负性精神紧张值均显着升高(P<0.01)。正性事件频数的差异也有显着性(P<0.05)。另外,妇科恶性肿瘤组患者的生活事件总频数、负性事件频数、精神紧张总值及负性精神紧张值亦显着高于良性肿瘤组(P<0.01)。病后调查结果表明,妇科恶性肿瘤组患者病后抑郁程度均显着高于对照组及良性肿瘤组(P<0.01)。在60例恶性肿瘤患者中,有抑郁反应的患者共42例,占70%。结论社会心理因素与妇科肿瘤有较大的关系,在防治中应当引起重视。     

系统论指导个体化肿瘤综合治疗

从系统论的理论出发,指出对于肿瘤的综合治疗,应该强调整体性和个体化的原则,在进行恶性肿瘤的综合治疗中,必须考虑具体患者的具体病情。     

骨巨细胞瘤外科治疗几个问题的思考

骨巨细胞瘤是临床上常见的骨肿瘤,其治疗方式由以前的截肢术发展到保肢术,一直到现在的多种局部切除与功能重建方式,透过其治疗理念的更新,以及手术技术的转变,不难看出临床医生应重视循证医学实践,不断更新观念,坚持个体化治疗,明确切除范围、切除方式与重建方法及肢体功能之间的关系,不断改善患者的生活质量。     

女性盆腔结核的误诊分析

结核病近年来呈全球性回升趋势。肺结核由于具有比较典型的症状、体征而较易诊断。而肺外结核尤其是女性盆腔腹膜结核,临床表现多样,无特异性诊断指标,误诊误治的情况屡见不鲜。现就女性盆腔结核性包块正确的诊断方法作一综述。     

对肿瘤研究的思考：观测与结果

从哲学的角度,对肿瘤研究中的常用方法即观测与测定进行了理性的思考,探讨理论背景、观测仪器和测量过程对观测和测量的结果存在影响,肿瘤发生机理的基因异常理论的片面性,提出肿瘤发生的非平衡自组织观点、亚细胞水平成分测不准的可能性和肿瘤细胞及机体研究的黑箱方法。     

生物自组织临界性与肿瘤

分析了局部组织由再生、化生和癌变呈现的各种宏观行为和性质,从生物自组织临界性的角度讨论了这类行为和性质的演化模式及机制,指出肿瘤实质是局部组织经历一系列临界状态下相变造成的。     

A New Look at Service Climate: Its Relationship with Owner Service Values in Small Businesses

The present study examined the relationship between service climate and an organizational-level variable not studied to date: owner service values. Thirty-one small businesses (35 owners and 221 employees) participated in the study. Service climate and owner service values were found to be negatively correlated such that the more an owner valued service, the lower the employees rated the organization's service climate. Although this result was contrary to expectations, the false consensus effect provides a useful framework to explain the negative relationship. Other owner values (e.g., innovation, aggressiveness, and decisiveness) did not correlate with service climate.