NLP简快心理治疗方法的模式整合及其优势

NLP简快心理疗法于20世纪70年代创立于美国,80～90年代得到完善、发展和逐步推广。它吸取了精神分析、行为主义及人本主义流派的理论和治疗方法并加以整合优化,形成了以检定语言模式、思考与暗示语言模式、激发潜意识与自我暗示模式为优势和特点的心理咨询与治疗的方法,对心理咨询和治疗理论与实践的发展起到了积极的作用。     

《中国人群死亡及其危险因素：流行水平、趋势和分布》的主要发现

简要描述了中国人群的死亡变化趋势,主要死因构成,在不同地区和人群中的分布。结果表明结核等传染病、母婴疾病死亡率下降,冠心病、脑卒中、糖尿病、肺癌、肝癌等疾病死亡率上升明显。吸烟与被动吸烟、不良膳食习惯、静坐生活方式,是慢性病上升的重要因素;酒后驾驶等交通违章行为与每年上升10%的交通伤害死亡率密切相关。     

A model for predicting behavioural sleep problems in a random sample of Australian pre‐schoolers

Behavioural sleep problems (childhood insomnias) can cause distress for both parents and children. This paper reports a model describing predictors of high sleep problem scores in a representative population‐based random sample survey of non‐Aboriginal singleton children born in 1995 and 1996 (1085 girls and 1129 boys) in Western Australia. Longitudinal repeated data were collected up to age 4 years by caregiver report. Children's sleep rhythmicity levels in their first year, as well as conflicted and lax parenting in their second year, predicted higher scores on the sleep problem scale from the Child Behaviour Checklist/2–3 in the children's third year. Higher scores on the sleep problem scale in the children's third year predicted higher scores on the aggressive behaviour subscale of the Child Behaviour Checklist/4–16. The results support a model in which sleep problems mediated the relationship between parental conflict and aggressive behaviour, even when controlling for maternal depression, which has been associated with children's aggressive behaviour. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Change,Contradiction, and Overconfidence: Chinese Philosophy and Cognitive Peculiarities of Asians

This article discusses philosophical influence, especially the influence made by Confucianism and Daoism, on the way Asian people see and understand the world. Recently, Richard Nisbett drew a connection between Chinese philosophy (Confucianism and Daoism) and the cognitive profiles of the people who live in Asian countries where Confucianism and Daoism are strong social and cultural traditions. He argues that there is a peculiar way that Asians think and perceive things and this cognitive pattern is influenced by a group of principles derived from Chinese philosophy. This article critically analyzes Nisbett’s explanation, his emphasis on the principle of change in particular, and provides an alternative explanation of the connection between Chinese philosophy and cognitive peculiarities of Asians. Asians combine and integrate opposite viewpoints not because they believe that things change in all unexpected directions, but because they see the world as a big system with interrelated and mutually influencing components.     

Theology in a Dynamic Universe

According to recent astrophysical evidence, the present universe has been forming for the past 14 billion years. New kinds of objects have emerged even recently. The reverse side of this creativity is the observed and predicted decay of all objects. Will new structures form in the future? This is a question of hope, which is not a scientific term but originates from experience on the level of personal and religious perceptions requiring participation. Anticipating the future, science and theology of creation meet, and the tension between practical knowledge and visionary hope enters a constructive dialogue.     

多阶段混合增长模型的影响因素：距离与形态

通过模拟研究, 考察潜类别距离和发展形态等因素对多阶段混合增长模型的模型选择和参数估计的影响：(1)潜类别距离越大, 模型选择和分类效果越好。(2)混合模型的选择, 应以一定样本量(至少200)为前提, 首先考虑BIC选出正确的分类模型, 再通过熵值、ARI等选择分类确定性较高的模型。(3)多阶段的发展形态对正确模型的选择和分类的确定性均有一定程度影响。(4)潜类别距离和样本量越大, 参数估计精度越高。(5)在判断分类准确性的指标中, ARI的选择更偏向于真实的模型。     

大学生社会支持对睡眠质量的影响：多重中介模型的检验

以360名大学生为被试,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、领悟社会支持量表、担忧问卷以及状态焦虑量表,考察了担忧、焦虑在社会支持和睡眠质量关系之间的多重中介作用。结果表明,复合式多重中介模型能够较好地解释焦虑和担忧在社会支持与睡眠质量之间所起的中介作用。     

多目标视觉追踪中物体属性加工的眼动研究*

采用多目标视觉追踪任务(MOT),探讨物体颜色特征对视觉追踪的影响,同时记录被试的眼动情况,探讨追踪过程中颜色特征对眼动模式的影响。结果发现,视觉追踪机制能够对物体的颜色特征进行加工,但加工程度受制于目标物与分心物之间的特征竞争关系。在物体颜色特征条件下,视觉系统采用知觉组织加工策略,以被追踪目标构成的多边形中心为注意中心。在对物体颜色特征的加工中,内源性注意与外源性注意相互影响。     

睡眠影响记忆巩固的同步EEG-fMRI研究

默认网络是静息状态活动较强的大脑结构, 它包含的海马和内侧前额叶两个脑区是记忆巩固的关键部位, 同时静息态也被证明伴随有记忆巩固现象, 我们推测默认网络是睡眠依赖记忆巩固的核心结构。本研究拟借助同步EEG-fMRI在时空分辨率上的优势, 研究默认网络参与睡眠依赖记忆巩固的神经机制。包括：1)发掘默认网络活动的电生理指标, 应用EEG源定位和跨频段耦合分析, 揭示记忆巩固的动态过程; 2)应用滑动时间窗和模块分析, 研究默认网络参与静息态和睡眠过程记忆巩固的异同, 揭示记忆在昼夜更迭中得以强化的神经机制; 3)通过多模态信息融合, 揭示记忆类型和睡眠阶段等因素对睡眠依赖记忆巩固的影响。本研究的开展对阐明睡眠依赖记忆巩固的神经机制具有深刻的理论意义, 并最终可能为治疗学习记忆相关障碍提供全新的思路。     

睡眠对儿童执行功能的影响

近期研究表明, 睡眠总量和睡眠质量都会对儿童执行功能的发展造成影响, 在自然睡眠条件下, 睡眠质量的影响倾向于即时性, 睡眠总量的影响具有滞后性, 在实验干预条件下, 少量的睡眠延长提高了儿童的执行功能表现。睡眠问题中研究最为广泛的睡眠呼吸障碍也会对儿童的执行功能带来危害, 但由于方法的不同, 目前的研究在结论上并不一致。随着年龄的增长, 睡眠对儿童执行功能的影响会逐步降低。此外, 基因、家庭社会经济地位等内外部因素也会对研究结果产生影响。未来的研究应针对执行功能中认知灵活性这一成分进行加强。