大学生压力和睡眠质量：反刍思维和心理韧性的链式中介作用

采用大学生压力量表、反刍思维量表、青少年心理韧性量表和匹兹堡睡眠指数量表调查684位大学生(被试平均年龄为20.26岁;SD = 1.08),探讨反刍思维和心理韧性在压力和睡眠质量之间的链式中介作用。结果表明：(1)压力对睡眠质量有显著的负向预测作用;(2)压力可通过反刍思维和心理韧性的独立中介作用及反刍思维和心理韧性的链式中介作用间接预测睡眠质量。本研究揭示了压力和睡眠质量的关系及作用机制,深化了大学生压力对睡眠质量影响的研究。     

Different coordination and flexibility of the spine and pelvis during lateral bending between young and older adults

This study examined coordination of the spine and pelvis during lateral bending of the trunk in older adults. Thirty-four healthy subjects (17 young and 17 older adults) demonstrated lateral bending at a controlled speed while holding a bar at approximately 180 degrees of shoulder flexion. Kinematic data collection was completed on the thoracic spine, lumbar spine, and pelvis. The coupling angle was calculated to examine the thorax–lumbar, lumbar–pelvis, and thorax–pelvis coordination patterns. The older adults demonstrated a reduced range of motion (ROM) of the lumbar spine, while both groups revealed similar ROM in the thorax and in the pelvis. The coupling angle between the straightening and bending phases was different only for the older adults in the thorax–lumbar (23.4 ± 8.0 vs. −1.6 ± 4.4, p = 0.004) and the lumbar–pelvis (65.4 ± 7.2 vs. 86.1 ± 7.8, p = 0.001) coordination. However, there was no group difference in the thorax–pelvis coordination. These findings indicate that age-related changes in the lumbar region affect coordination patterns only during the bending phase. The older adults preserved a similar pattern of movement to the young adults during the straightening phase, but the coordination variability of the coupling angles was greater for the older adults than for the young adults. This movement pattern suggests that the older adults lacked consistent trunk control in an attempt to optimize lateral bending coordination.     

Developing a cognitive behavioral therapy manual for delayed sleep–wake phase disorder

This article reports the development of a treatment protocol, based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) principles, for delayed sleep–wake phase disorder (DSWPD). The protocol consists of psycho-education, presenting a CBT model for DSWPD, case formulation, motivational interviewing, registering sleep in a diary, strategies to improve the rhythm of sleep and wakefulness, relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, strategies to cope with daytime symptoms, constructing an individualized CBT program, and learning how to deal with relapses. Qualitative data, focusing on how the patients perceived the protocol, were collected within the realm of a trial exploring the efficacy of the protocol. These findings highlighted several advantages but also disadvantages of the therapy. It is our hope that this paper might act as a platform for further clinical work and future research efforts in patients with DSWPD.     

家庭收入与青少年睡眠质量的关系:歧视知觉、自尊的链式中介作用

本研究探讨家庭收入与青少年睡眠质量的关系以及歧视知觉、自尊在其中的中介作用。采用家庭收入问卷、歧视知觉问卷、Rosenberg自尊量表(SES)与匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)对广东省某地区两所中学1053名青少年进行匿名施测。结果发现:(1)以PSQI得分≥8作为睡眠问题的参考界值,青少年睡眠问题的检出率为15.60%;(2)歧视知觉、自尊在家庭收入与青少年睡眠质量关系中起链式中介作用。因此,家庭收入既直接影响青少年的睡眠质量,又通过歧视知觉、自尊的链式中介作用影响青少年的睡眠质量。     

Effect of consonant/vowel letter organisation on the syllable counting task: evidence from English

Recent studies in alphabetic writing systems have investigated whether the status of letters as consonants or vowels influences the perception and processing of written words. Here, we examined to what extent the organisation of consonants and vowels within words affects performance in a syllable counting task in English. Participants were asked to judge the number of syllables in written words that were matched for the number of spoken syllables but comprised either 1 orthographic vowel cluster less than the number of syllables (hiatus words, e.g., triumph) or as many vowel clusters as syllables (e.g., pudding). In 3 experiments, we found that readers were slower and less accurate on hiatus than control words, even when phonological complexity (Experiment 1), number of reduced vowels (Experiment 2), and number of letters (Experiment 3) were taken into account. Interestingly, for words with or without the same number of vowel clusters and syllables, participants’ errors were more likely to underestimate the number of syllables than to overestimate it. Results are discussed in a cross-linguistic perspective.     

Meter isn't everything: The case of a timeline-oriented Cuban polyrhythm

Meter serves as a robust temporal referent for the creation and perception of musical rhythm. In music from Africa and the diaspora, a parallel referent is often present in the form of repetitive rhythmic patterns known as timelines. This paper examines how a well-known timeline (the standard pattern) serves as a grounding framework for quinto (lead conga drum) rhythms heard in different drumming performances of Afro-Cuban rumba columbia. Focusing on the layout of alignment points between the constituent elements of the various temporal layers—rhythm, timeline, and possible meters—indicates that the quinto players may be orienting their playing according to the timeline's onsets.     

Dream lucidity is associated with positive waking mood

Lucid dreaming is a unique phenomenon with potential applications for therapeutic interventions. Few studies have investigated the effects of lucidity on an individual’s waking mood, which could have valuable implications for improving psychological wellbeing. The current experiment aims to investigate whether the experience of lucidity enhances positive waking mood, and whether lucidity is associated with dream emotional content and subjective sleep quality. 20 participants were asked to complete lucid dream induction techniques along with an online dream diary for one week, which featured a 19-item lucidity questionnaire, and subjective ratings of sleep quality, dream emotional content, and waking mood. Results indicated that higher lucidity was associated with more positive dream content and elevated positive waking mood the next day, although there was no relationship with sleep quality. The results of the research and suggestions for future investigations, such as the need for longitudinal studies of lucidity and mood, are discussed.     

老年人整体运动敏感性降低的脑灰质体积变化基础

本研究使用多体素模式分析方法和随机点阵范式,首次探索了老年人整体运动敏感性（GMS）下降和其脑灰质体积下降间的关系。结果发现,老年人GMS显著低于年轻人,老年人V5/MT、V3和额顶等脑区灰质体积显著小于年轻人;V5/MT和V3区的灰质体积信号可以有效预测个体的GMS。结果提示,V5/MT区和V3区,特别是V3区的灰质体积下降可能是老年人GMS下降的主要原因;而基于“去分化假设”,全脑范围内其余脑区的灰质体积下降可能也在一定程度上与老年人GMS下降有关。     

Theology in a Dynamic Universe

According to recent astrophysical evidence, the present universe has been forming for the past 14 billion years. New kinds of objects have emerged even recently. The reverse side of this creativity is the observed and predicted decay of all objects. Will new structures form in the future? This is a question of hope, which is not a scientific term but originates from experience on the level of personal and religious perceptions requiring participation. Anticipating the future, science and theology of creation meet, and the tension between practical knowledge and visionary hope enters a constructive dialogue.