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271.
Sindy R. Sumter Susanne E. Baumgartner 《European Journal of Developmental Psychology》2017,14(4):399-415
Offline peer victimization has been linked to psychosomatic complaints. As peer victimization is no longer limited to adolescents’ offline relationships, it is crucial that we investigate whether online peer victimization has similar negative consequences. To date, no study systematically investigated the unique contribution of online vs. offline peer victimization on psychosomatic complaints, and the possible protective effect of social support. The current study disentangled offline and online peer victimization by distinguishing four victim types: non-victims, offline, online, and dual victims (N = 897, 9-to-18-year-olds). In addition, we assessed perceived social support from teachers, parents, friends and classmates. A main effect was found for victim type on psychosomatic complaints. Victims (offline or dual) reported more psychosomatic complaints than non-victims. Notably, online victims reported similar levels of psychosomatic complaints compared to non-victims. Furthermore, although social support from parents and classmates was related to fewer psychosomatic complaints, only limited support was found for a buffering effect of social support. 相似文献
272.
In a randomised wait list-controlled trial with repeated measures pre-, post- and follow-up design, participants (N = 109) with a current self-reported diagnosis of an anxiety disorder and/or depression, took part in an internet-based study. After completing a three-week gratitude diary returning participants had lower scores on measures of depression, anxiety, stress and perceived sleep difficulties and higher scores on a measure of subjective well-being than immediately pre-intervention. At three-week follow-up depression and sleep scores for returning participants were no longer significantly different from pre-intervention, however, improvements for subjective well-being and stress at post-intervention were maintained. At follow-up anxiety scores had not only been maintained but had improved significantly beyond post-intervention results. Intention to treat analyses were conducted and provided support for most completer results. Differences between the two sets of analyses are discussed below. This trial provides support for the use of gratitude diaries as an intervention with distressed populations. 相似文献
273.
Lucid dreaming—the phenomenon of experiencing waking levels of self-reflection within one’s dreams—is associated with more wake-like levels of neural activation in prefrontal brain regions. In addition, alternating periods of wakefulness and sleep might increase the likelihood of experiencing a lucid dream. Here we investigate the association between sleep fragmentation and lucid dreaming, with a multi-centre study encompassing four different investigations into subjective and objective measures of sleep fragmentation, nocturnal awakenings, sleep quality and polyphasic sleep schedules. Results across these four studies provide a more nuanced picture into the purported connection between sleep fragmentation and lucid dreaming: While self-assessed numbers of awakenings, polyphasic sleep and physiologically validated wake-REM sleep transitions were associated with lucid dreaming, neither self-assessed sleep quality, nor physiologically validated numbers of awakenings were. We discuss these results, and their underlying neural mechanisms, within the general question of whether sleep fragmentation and lucid dreaming share a causal link. 相似文献
274.
睡眠限制已然成为现代社会人们普遍面临的问题, 其对个体身心机能的影响备受研究者关注。众多研究表明, 睡眠限制会对注意功能、执行功能和长时记忆等不同认知领域的心理加工产生差异化影响, 且影响程度与任务类型、睡眠限制的严重程度、年龄和性别等因素相关。研究者们提出了4种主要的作用假说:唤醒假说、注意控制假说、警觉性假说以及前额皮层易感性假说。未来研究需要从关注个体间差异、使用动脉自旋标记灌注功能磁共振成像技术以及重视轻度睡眠限制的影响等角度进行深化和扩展。 相似文献
275.
Mother's prenatal and postpartum depression have been associated with infant's sleep problems. This study aimed to analyze (a) the effects of mother's prenatal and postpartum depression symptoms, including the effects of prenatal and postpartum anxiety and depression scores of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), on infant's sleep problems at 6 months, and (b) the interaction effect between mother's prenatal and postpartum depression symptoms and infant's sex on infant's sleep problems at 6 months. The sample was comprised of 164 mother–infant dyads whose mothers completed measures of depression at the third trimester of pregnancy, 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months postpartum and a measure of infant's sleep problems at 6 months (CSHQ-I). Mother's prenatal depression symptoms, specifically depression scores of the EPDS, predicted more infant's sleep anxiety and daytime sleepiness, while mother's depression symptoms at 2 weeks postpartum, specifically anxiety scores of the EPDS, predicted more bedtime resistance and CSHQ-I total scores at 6 months. Boys of mothers with more prenatal depression symptoms presented more sleep anxiety at 6 months. Both mother's prenatal and early postpartum depression symptoms have a negative effect on the emergence of infant's sleep problems. Additionally, boys seem more vulnerable to mother's prenatal depression symptoms. 相似文献
276.
《Médecine du Sommeil》2020,17(3):169-176
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is common, under diagnosed and severe. It increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, reduces life expectancy and alters the quality of life.The objective of this work was to review the scientific literature on OSAHS in Sub-Saharan Africa from 2009 to September 2019.A search on PubMed, Science Direct, African Index Medicus, African Journals on line and Google scholar found a total of 43 references relevant to the theme.OSAHS publications are scarce in sub-Saharan Africa with no data for 36 countries. Practitioners’ level of knowledge about the disease was low. Polygraphy and / or polysomnography were not available in the majority of Sub-Saharan African countries. The prevalences obtained remained higher than those found in Europe and USA. OSAHS predominated in men, with a peak around 55 years old. The most consistent risk factor was obesity. The association OSAHS chronic pathology remained frequent. The excessive cost of continuous positive pressure, surgery and the lack of health insurance in these countries limited access to treatment.We need to improve the knowledge, in sub-Saharan Africa, of practitioners in the field of sleep medicine, to make polysomnography available in public health structures, to create sleep units in teaching hospitals to strengthen practical training and finally to make accessible treatment. 相似文献
277.
278.
279.
持续正压通气治疗睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的接受意向调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探讨影响持续气道内正压通气(CPAP)治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的接受性的非技术因素。设计OSAHS认知度和CPAP意向调查表、信赖他人量表,60例OSAHS患者经健康教育后,100例健康志愿者随机填表,结果做统计分析。两组中43.3%和5%基本了解OSAHS(P<0.01);10%和5%表示接受CPAP(P>0.05);85%和90%认为CPAP机价格高(P>0.05)。量表得分:两组得分分布近似,高分比例大,添加题90%和80%选择负性答案。目前公众对OSAHS认知差,对医生的信任度低,而CPAP机价格高,患者对CPAP接受性差。 相似文献
280.
睡眠问题可能会诱发恐惧相关情绪障碍(焦虑、创伤性应激障碍、恐怖症等),研究睡眠影响恐惧学习的认知神经机制,有助于增强对恐惧相关情绪障碍的预测、诊断和治疗。以往研究表明睡眠剥夺影响恐惧习得和消退主要是通过抑制vmPFC活动,阻碍其与杏仁核的功能连接,从而导致恐惧习得增强或是消退学习受损。进一步研究发现睡眠不同阶段对恐惧学习相关脑区有独特的影响:剥夺(缺乏)快速眼动睡眠会抑制vmPFC活动、增强杏仁核、海马激活,导致恐惧习得增强,消退学习受损,此外边缘皮层的功能连接减少破坏了记忆巩固(恐惧记忆和消退记忆);而慢波睡眠主要与海马变化有关,慢波睡眠期间进行目标记忆重激活可促进恐惧消退学习。未来研究需要增加睡眠影响恐惧泛化的神经机制研究、及昼夜节律中断对恐惧消退的影响,以及关注动物睡眠研究向人类睡眠研究转化中存在的问题。 相似文献