The affective personality,sleep, and autobiographical memories

Patterns of affect, sleep, and autobiographical memories seem related but there are no studies we know of to verify the notion. The purpose of this research is to investigate interrelationships’ between profiles of affect, sleep, and autobiographical memories. A cross-sectional design is employed. Three hundred and thirteen adult students participated. The data generated are viewed from two complementary perspectives. Our cluster analyses identified a group of individual states whose lives appear to be arousing and stressful (high positive and negative affect) yet they slept significantly better than self-destructive states (high on negative affect and low on positive affect). Our regressions imply that negative autobiographical memories are involved in a relationship with sleep independently of fairly stable patterns of affect, biological sex, and age. We finish by noting that apart from investigating these relationships longitudinally, cultural differences in patterns of affect and their health correlates should be explored.     

The Science and Theology of Dreams

ABSTRACT

Although dreams were an important theological topic for the early Christians and the Church Fathers, there has been less Christian theological work on dreams in the modern era. I argue that dreams of the OT/NT should be treated together with “visions,” and that these dreams/visions are rooted in REM neurobiology and are manifestations of the utilization of the higher capacities of the mind/brain/soul that allow the individual to access information not otherwise available to the waking mind. Thus knowledge derived from dreams/visions should be (after appropriate discernment criteria are applied) treated as an ongoing and additional source for revelation.     

Behandling av en ormfobi med fading

En fallstudie av en ormfobi presenteras. Behandlingen skedde med hjälp av fading som innebär att diabilder utnyttjas som stimulusmaterial. Före och efter behandlingen gjordes kontinuerliga mätningar av fobiskt beteende på alia tre responssystemen (overt motoriskt, kognitivt, fysiologiskt). Resultaten visade att de fobiska symtomen utsläcktes på alia tre systemen, dock till olika grad. I diskussionen konstateras att fading verkar vara ett alternativ till mera traditionella metoder vid behandling av smådjursfobier. Slutligen diskuterades begränsningar med studien vad gäller generalitet etc.     

睡眠研究若干现代理论问题

最近十年间睡眠研究日益引起全世界的重视,除我国等纷纷建立“睡眠研究会”外,并新 建“亚洲睡眠研究会”和“世界睡眠研究联合会”。本文探讨睡眠研究的若干现代理论问题,其 中包括睡眠的核心是深度慢波睡眠问题,睡眠如何受制于“２４－ｈ昼夜节律”,异相睡眠和觉醒 的比较分析,世界范围内重新评价午睡的重要性,临床睡眠疾患及其对策和介诏内源性促眠物质等。     

小学生创伤后应激障碍对睡眠问题的影响:积极认知的调节作用

本研究采用创伤暴露程度问卷、儿童创伤后应激障碍症状量表、应对方式问卷和儿童行为问题核查表对汶川地震30个月后844名小学生进行调查,探讨汶川地震后小学生的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、积极认知与睡眠问题之间的关系。结果表明,PTSD对睡眠问题具有正向预测作用,积极认知对睡眠问题的预测作用不显著。调节效应的检验结果发现,积极认知调节着PTSD及其回避性症状对睡眠问题的影响,具体表现为PTSD及其回避性症状对睡眠问题的预测作用随着积极认知水平的增加而降低,但是积极认知分别在PTSD的闯入性症状和警觉性增高症状与睡眠问题的关系之间不起调节作用。     

唤醒定义探析及其认知神经生理基础

唤醒是衡量机体清醒程度和做出反应前准备程度的指标, 其水平可从睡眠到觉醒的连续体上变化, 具有独特的生理机制与神经回路。由于唤醒与情绪关联密切, 唤醒度这个概念常被认为等同于情绪强度, 但情绪强度实际上是唤醒和效价的和向量。受到Lazarus提出的“刺激”定义情绪思想的启发, 对唤醒的内含和心理机制进行了探析, 发现对不符合预期刺激出现的紧急准备是唤醒系统的主要功能, 预期性相关机制是唤醒的重要认知加工机制。其它因素(刺激属性、个体差异等)可能存在以下影响唤醒的原因：改变处理刺激时所需的资源量、影响预期机制。未来研究可从心理唤醒与生理唤醒的关系、唤醒的测量方法、唤醒度与情绪强度的关系、人类临床精神疾病的唤醒特征等角度推动唤醒的基础和应用研究。     

青少年早期网络欺凌/受欺凌对睡眠质量的影响：社交焦虑和抑郁情绪的链式中介作用

基于压力认知失眠模型,采用网络欺凌/受欺凌问卷、青少年社交焦虑问卷、流调中心抑郁问卷和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷,对582名中小学生进行三次追踪测查,每次间隔半年,并运用结构方程模型考察社交焦虑和抑郁情绪在网络欺凌/受欺凌对睡眠质量的影响的中介作用及其性别差异。结果表明：(1)社交焦虑和抑郁情绪在网络欺凌/受欺凌影响睡眠质量的路径中均起到链式中介作用;(2)网络欺凌/受欺凌影响睡眠质量的链式中介模型存在性别差异。这启示要改善网络欺凌者与受欺凌者的睡眠质量,应关注网络欺凌给他们带来的情绪困扰,只有从根本上解决其情绪问题,才能最终有效促进其睡眠质量。     

2018年～2021年传染病定点医院投诉变化分析

对某传染病定点医院2018年～2021年医院投诉进行识别、提取,对其变化趋势、方式、来源、内容进行分析。2018年～2021年投诉数量呈V型变化,投诉来源以卫生健康委员会最多,投诉方式由电话和现场投诉为主向电话投诉转变。投诉内容中工作流程问题一直居于首位,其次是权利尊重问题、医疗安全问题。根据变化趋势,应加强传染病定点医院平战结合的准备工作、加快建立信息化和科技化工作流程、健全医院突发公共卫生事件防控体系和处置机制、提升医院舆情应对能力。

     

硕士生压力知觉、状态-特质焦虑、完美主义与睡眠质量的关系

对581名硕士生进行问卷调查,探索压力知觉、状态-特质焦虑、完美主义和睡眠质量之间的关系及作用机制。结果表明：（1）压力知觉可通过状态焦虑间接影响睡眠质量,但以直接影响为主。（2）特质焦虑通过压力知觉和状态焦虑间接影响睡眠质量。（3）非适应性完美主义可直接影响睡眠质量,适应性完美主义对睡眠质量没有直接影响,两者均通过特质焦虑、压力知觉和状态焦虑形成链状中介间接影响睡眠质量。     

Sleep duration and chronotype in adults in Côte d'Ivoire: influence of gender,religion and age

This study investigated the sleep-wake rhythm and chronotype of people living in Côte d'Ivoire. We assessed sleep-wake behaviour in 556 adults (336 men, 220 women) between 25 and 54 years (mean: 38.63) by means of structured interviews. Data were analysed by linear models with sleep wake variables as dependent variables and age, gender, religion and region (urban/rural) as fixed factors controlling for number of working hours and children. Results suggest sleep length not to differ between weekdays and weekends but sleep timing (chronotype) was later on weekends with a midpoint of sleep at 1:37am during weekdays compared to 1:58am on weekends. The more children, the earlier was the midpoint of sleep and the shorter was sleep length. Midpoint of sleep was earlier in older people. Women slept longer during weekdays and were earlier chronotypes. Sleep duration was longer in the rural areas and midpoint of sleep was later in the urban areas on weekdays and on the weekend. Muslims showed the shortest sleep duration and were earliest chronotypes. Sleep-wake cycles in the African setting sample were shorter for women, Moslems, and older people.