Depression and pain in night time and daytime functioning of individuals with lupus

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pain and depression in night time and daytime functioning of individuals with lupus. A cross-sectional research design was used. Participants were recruited via a mail-out to members of the Lupus Australia Foundation and the Lupus Association of New South Wales. One hundred and fifty-four participants completed a questionnaire package consisting of a Lupus Medical and Symptoms Questionnaire designed by the researchers, the Cardiac Depression Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that pain principally predicted levels of sleep disturbance, whilst depression and pain (to a lesser extent) together predicted daytime dysfunction. The present results suggested the need for more adequate pain management, particularly at night and psychological interventions to decrease levels of depression that interfere with daily functioning in individuals with lupus.     

NonREM sleep mentation in chronically-treated persons with schizophrenia

This study examined the laboratory dream content reported by 14 patients with schizophrenia and 15 controls, with a focus on reports obtained from NonREM sleep. Both the controls' and patients' frequency of dream recall following awakenings from NonREM and REM sleep were similar to values reported for healthy participants. Patients' NonREM sleep narratives were shorter than those from controls. When compared to their reports from REM sleep, both groups' NonREM sleep reports included significantly fewer words and reportable items. The controls were more likely to report a subjective feeling of bizarreness for their REM sleep reports as compared to their NonREM sleep reports. This difference was not observed in patients with schizophrenia. Taken together, these findings suggest few differences between the NonREM sleep mentation of patients with schizophrenia and of controls and that sleep stage cognitive style is comparable in both groups, with NonREM sleep reports being more thought-like, less elaborate and bizarre than REM sleep reports.     

What subjective experiences determine the perception of falling asleep during sleep onset period?

Sleep onset is associated with marked changes in behavioral, physiological, and subjective phenomena. In daily life though subjective experience is the main criterion in terms of which we identify it. But very few studies have focused on these experiences. This study seeks to identify the subjective variables that reflect sleep onset. Twenty young subjects took an afternoon nap in the laboratory while polysomnographic recordings were made. They were awakened four times in order to assess subjective experiences that correlate with the (1) appearance of slow eye movement, (2) initiation of stage 1 sleep, (3) initiation of stage 2 sleep, and (4) 5 min after the start of stage 2 sleep. A logistic regression identified control over and logic of thought as the two variables that predict the perception of having fallen asleep. For sleep perception, these two variables accurately classified 91.7% of the cases; for the waking state, 84.1%.     

网络成瘾对大学生学业压力的影响:睡眠质量与自我控制的中介作用

本研究基于资源保存理论,运用日志法调查了153名大学生,采用多水平结构方程模型,探讨了睡眠质量和自我控制在网络成瘾与大学生学业压力关系间的中介机制。结果发现:(1)早期测量的网络成瘾能够预测后来测量的总体学业压力、睡眠质量和自我控制水平;(2)自我控制能够独立中介网络成瘾与学业压力间的关系;(3)睡眠质量和自我控制能够序列中介网络成瘾与学业压力间的关系。本研究结果提示,可以通过预防和干预网络成瘾减轻大学生感知的学业压力,对于有学业压力的网络成瘾大学生,可以通过提高睡眠质量等方式增强其自我控制资源,来缓解他们的学业压力。     

不同睡眠时间参数对学前儿童执行功能的差异化影响

研究选取78名5~7岁的学前儿童为研究对象, 采用睡眠日志法测量了儿童的夜间睡眠比、总睡眠时长和周末补偿睡眠三个睡眠时间的指标, 同时采用母亲报告法收集儿童的消极情绪性, 3个月后采用美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)的一套标准化测量程序评估儿童的执行功能, 探讨三个睡眠时间参数对不同消极情绪性学前儿童执行功能的差异化影响。结果发现, 在控制了儿童的同时性语言能力之后, 夜间睡眠比能够显著预测儿童三个月之后的执行功能; 儿童的消极情绪性与周末补偿睡眠对执行功能的三个子成分存在显著的交互作用。当周末补偿睡眠较少时, 高消极情绪性儿童的执行功能显著低于低消极情绪性儿童; 当周末补偿睡眠较多时, 高消极情绪性儿童的执行功能显著高于低消极情绪性儿童, 该结果符合差别易感性模型。     

黎明模拟光照对晨起睡眠惰性的影响

本研究考察了清晨唤醒后个体在睡眠惰性下的主观情绪、警觉性和认知加工的表现,以及利用动态黎明模拟光照能否对睡眠惰性产生有效的对抗作用。结果显示:(1)被试的积极情绪、主观警觉性在刚唤醒时显著低于基线水平,之后随时间推移逐渐提升。(2)被试醒后立即进行测试的认知加工成绩最差,随后逐渐提高,且主要表现在加工速度的回升上。(3)黎明模拟光照对醒后积极情绪、主观警觉性、持续性注意和抑制功能的恢复产生了明显的促进作用。这表明在睡眠惰性状态下个体的主客观活动会出现明显下降,而黎明模拟光照可在一定程度上对抗睡眠惰性带来的负性影响。     

手机成瘾对大学生认知失败的影响:一个有调节的中介模型

以问卷法对河南省三所高校的471名大学生进行调查,考察手机成瘾对大学生认知失败的影响,睡眠质量在手机成瘾与认知失败之间的中介作用,同时检验神经质和外倾性对该中介路径的调节作用。结果表明：（1）手机成瘾不仅能直接预测大学生的认知失败,还能通过睡眠质量的中介作用间接预测认知失败;（2）神经质对直接效应及中介效应的后半段路径起着调节作用,在直接路径中高神经质会加剧手机成瘾对认知失败的影响,在中介路径中,低神经质时,睡眠质量对认知失败影响较大;（3）外倾性对中介效应的后半段路径起着调节作用,高外倾性会缓和睡眠质量对认知失败的影响。     

Positive emotional attention bias in young children with symptoms of ADHD

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience emotional dysregulation. Dysregulation can arise from heightened attention to emotional stimuli. Emotional attention biases are associated with a number of adverse socioemotional outcomes including reward sensitivity and externalizing behaviors. As reward sensitivity and externalizing behaviors are common in children with ADHD, the aim of the current study was to determine whether emotional attention biases are evident in young children with clinically significant ADHD symptoms. To test this, children with (n = 18) and without (n = 15) symptoms of ADHD were tested on a Dot Probe task. Provided recent evidence that emotional attention biases are attenuated by sleep, the task was performed before and after overnight sleep. Children with ADHD symptoms displayed positive, but not negative, attention biases at both time points, whereas typically developing children did not preferentially attend toward or away from positive or negative stimuli. Sleep did not alter attention biases in either group. Collectively, these results indicate that children with ADHD symptoms have stable, positive attention biases.     

睡眠剥夺影响风险决策的双系统模型探讨

睡眠剥夺是指由于环境或自身原因无法满足正常睡眠时间的情况。大量实证研究发现, 睡眠剥夺会导致个体在风险决策中更倾向于风险寻求, 同时也有研究表明睡眠剥夺会导致个体风险规避, 而目前尚无统一结论。睡眠剥夺从风险感知、风险容忍、风险决策策略三个方面影响了风险决策, 其心理机制可由认知和情绪双路径模型进行解释, 且脑神经生理学研究也提供了相关证据。未来的研究应该进一步关注：(1)现实工作生活中的睡眠不足对风险决策的影响; (2)睡眠剥夺影响风险决策的理论模型建构。