黎明模拟光照对晨起睡眠惰性的影响

本研究采用单因素被试内设计对清晨唤醒后睡眠惰性对个体主观情绪、警觉性和认知加工的影响，以及利用动态黎明模拟光照能否对睡眠惰性产生有效的对抗作用进行了考察。结果发现：（1）被试的积极情绪、主观警觉性在刚唤醒时显著低于基线水平，之后随时间推移逐渐提升。（2）被试醒后立即进行测试的认知加工成绩最差，随后逐渐提高，且主要表现在加工速度的回升上。（3）黎明模拟光照对被试醒后在积极情绪、主观警觉性、持续性注意和抑制功能的缓解上产生了明显的促进作用。这表明睡眠惰性会对个体的主客观活动产生显著的负性影响，而使用黎明模拟光照可在一定程度上对抗睡眠惰性带来的负性影响。     

Testing and validating the trait emotional intelligence questionnaire (TEIQue) in a German-speaking sample

The trait emotional intelligence questionnaire (TEIQue) was tested and validated using a sample of 352 German-speaking participants. A detailed psychometric analysis provided evidence in support of the reliability of the TEIQue (at the facet, factor and global levels) and the robustness of its proposed four-factor structure. Using a subsample of 150 participants, the associations between the TEIQue and a series of relevant constructs (Big Five, life satisfaction, somatic complaints) were examined, which also included data on other trait EI measures. Overall, the TEIQue showed theoretically expected relationships to all other constructs and incremental validity in the prediction of life satisfaction and somatic complaints over and above the Big Five as well as all other trait EI measures combined.     

An analysis of complaints to the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy, 1996–2006

In autumn 2006 the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy approved a proposal to conduct an independent audit of complaints submitted. This article represents the first stage of that audit. Case information from the professional conduct files was accessed and a total of 84 cases, considered by a pre‐hearing assessment panel to require a full hearing, were identified for this audit. The cases cover the period from October 1996 to January 2006. The information obtained was entered into a database for numerical analysis. Key findings suggest that accredited members are disproportionately complained against, as are male members of the association. The majority of complaints are made by people who are themselves involved in counselling.     

硕士生压力知觉、状态-特质焦虑、完美主义与睡眠质量的关系

对581名硕士生进行问卷调查,探索压力知觉、状态-特质焦虑、完美主义和睡眠质量之间的关系及作用机制。结果表明：（1）压力知觉可通过状态焦虑间接影响睡眠质量,但以直接影响为主。（2）特质焦虑通过压力知觉和状态焦虑间接影响睡眠质量。（3）非适应性完美主义可直接影响睡眠质量,适应性完美主义对睡眠质量没有直接影响,两者均通过特质焦虑、压力知觉和状态焦虑形成链状中介间接影响睡眠质量。     

睡眠剥夺对连续作业的影响

将18名青年被试随机分为三组,Sd21h、SD45h和SD69h,SD前后用内田—克莱佩林测试。结果为：(1)SD后组间比较,UK作业量、错误数、后期增减率各组之间有显著差异;订正数各组之间没有显著差异;(2)SD前后自身比较,各组UK总量、后一部分总量、错误数和后期增减率有显著差异;订正数无显著差异;SD21组前一部分总量有显著差异;而SD45和SD69组前一部分总量无显著差异。该结果表明,SD后警赏水平下降,在SD45小时后下降更为明显;UK测验中的后期增减率可较好地反映SD后警赏水平的变化。     

Exclusive breastfeeding at three months and infant sleep-wake behaviors at two weeks,three and six months

This study assessed infant sleep-wake behavior at two weeks, three and six months as function of feeding method at three months (exclusively breastfed, partially breastfed, and exclusively formula fed infants). Mothers of 163 first-born, full-term, normal birth weight, healthy infants completed socio-demographic, depression, anxiety, and infant sleep-wake behavior measures. No effects were found for sleep arrangements, depression or anxiety, on feeding methods and sleep-wake behavior at three months. At two weeks exclusively breastfed infants at three months spent more hours sleeping and less hours awake during the 24-h period than partially breastfed infants. At three months, exclusively breastfed infants had a shorter of the longest sleep period at night than exclusively formula fed infants. At six months, exclusively breastfed infants at three months spent more hours awake at night than partially breastfed infants, awake more at night than exclusively formula fed infants, and had a shorter sleep period at night than partially breastfed and exclusively formula fed infants. This study showed differences in sleep-wake behaviors at two weeks, three and six months, when exclusively breastfed infants are compared with partially breastfed and exclusively formula fed infants at three months, while no effects were found for sleep arrangements, depression or anxiety.     

Depression and sleep quality in older adults: a meta-analysis

The literature emphasizes depression and poor sleep quality as problems that affect many elderly individuals. However, these problems have been related in few studies and there is no meta-analysis performed so far on this relationship. The present research reviewed the studies performed on the subjective sleep quality in order to understand how it relates to depression in older adults. The review was conducted in January 2016 and comprised publications between 2005 and 2015. Based on the electronic databases Web of Science and EBSCO, we used the keywords ‘sleep quality’, ‘depression’, and ‘older’ to identify the empirical studies performed. After assessing the collected studies, we selected those that presented the elderly as participants, resulting in nine papers (N = 3069). A random-effects method was used to evaluate the relationship between depression and sleep. We found that an older person’s lack of good sleep quality is significantly related with depression. The main limitation of this study was the difficulty in collecting a greater number of studies. Future research should consider the importance of additional variables (e.g. moderators) in order to understand and investigate viable interventions for prevention and health promotion in the elderly.     

睡眠剥夺影响风险决策的双系统模型探讨

睡眠剥夺是指由于环境或自身原因无法满足正常睡眠时间的情况。大量实证研究发现, 睡眠剥夺会导致个体在风险决策中更倾向于风险寻求, 同时也有研究表明睡眠剥夺会导致个体风险规避, 而目前尚无统一结论。睡眠剥夺从风险感知、风险容忍、风险决策策略三个方面影响了风险决策, 其心理机制可由认知和情绪双路径模型进行解释, 且脑神经生理学研究也提供了相关证据。未来的研究应该进一步关注：(1)现实工作生活中的睡眠不足对风险决策的影响; (2)睡眠剥夺影响风险决策的理论模型建构。     

睡眠呼吸暂停相关性高血压

睡眠呼吸暂停综合征是以睡眠过程中反复呼吸暂停进而引起慢性间歇性低氧、二氧化碳潴留为特征的常见睡眠呼吸障碍性疾病。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与高血压密切相关,睡眠呼吸暂停相关性高血压为一常见的特殊患病人群,多导睡眠图是诊断睡眠呼吸暂停相关性高血压的“金标准”,其治疗在一般生活方式改变基础上,持续气道正压通气治疗是其重要治疗方法。