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171.
Some researchers have suggested that a precondition of affective submissiveness may increase the likelihood of female victimization in sexual assault, whereas others have suggested that criminal offenders use perceptions of vulnerability when selecting a victim. In this study, based on American college students, men (decoders) rated videotaped women (encoders) dominant versus submissive using a semantic differential instrument. Cue evaluators analyzed the body language and appearance of the videotaped women using a Likert instrument. The results suggest that (a) men form differentiated perceptions of dominant versus submissive women, (b) such perceptions substantially rely on nonverbal cues, (c) dominant and submissive women display visually different behaviors and appearances, and (d) men tend to select submissive females for exploitation. 相似文献
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本研究采用扇效应技术来进一步探讨空间信息在情境模型建构过程当中的作用。共分为两个分实验。实验1通过在材料中使用同样具有可“移动性”的物体概念(例如快餐车)来探讨“可移动性”是否是“[人]在[大场所]”材料范式下观察不到信息整合的根本原因。实验2将材料中的“大场所”地点替换为“中场所”地点,来进一步探讨空间信息在情境模型建构过程中的作用特点。结果表明“人的可移动性”不是“[人]在[大场所]”材料范式下观察不到信息整合的原因并且在不受个体背景知识衰减的情况下.空间信息对情境模型建构的影响作用强于主人公信息的影响作用。 相似文献
174.
Greg A. R. Febbraro George A. Clum 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1995,17(4):335-351
The present study investigated whether situational and cognitive dimensions of claustrophobia exist. To this end, the Claustrophobia Situations Questionnaire (CSQ) and the Claustrophobia General Cognitions Questionnaire (CGCQ) were developed and exploratory factor analyses were performed on these scales. Two-factor solutions for both the anxiety and the avoidance ratings on the CSQ were obtained, accounting for 40.1% and 34.2% of the variance, respectively. Two subscales were created from the two-factor solution of the anxiety section of the CSQ: (1) Fear of Entrapment and (2) Fear of Physical Confinement. Two subscales were also created from the two-factor solution of the avoidance section of the CSQ: (1) Avoidance of Crowds and (2) Avoidance of Physical Confinement. A three-factor solution was obtained for the CGCQ, accounting for 54.4% of the variance, from which the following three subscales were created: (1) Fear of Loss of Control, (2) Fear of Suffocation, and (3) Fear of Inability to Escape. Cronbach alphas for all subscales ranged from .84 to .94. Exploratory correlational analyses were conducted between the situational and the cognitive dimensions. 相似文献
175.
PAULA A. HIRSJÄRVI MIRJA A. JUNNILA TEUVO U. VÄLIAHO 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1990,31(4):259-265
Open-field behaviour of individually gentled and non-handled adult Wistar rats in a stressful test situation (loud noise with bright light) was studied. The behaviour on the whole of the two groups differed significantly. While the gentled rats showed mainly signs of stress and explorativity, signs of fear beside stress and, on later trials, explorativity were typical of the non-handled animals. On later trials the behaviour of the non-handled rats neared to that of the gentled ones. In the behaviour of the gentled rats there was but little change as a function of trials. We suggest that individual gentling, beside minimizing fear of human contact, also increases the stability of the rat's reactions. 相似文献
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采用移动窗口和记录探测句阅读时间的实时阅读技术, 对情境模型中目标状态与时间信息的关系进行了探索。运用重复测量的实验设计进行了三个实验, 实验发现(1)在顺序发生的事件结构中, 未达成目标作为持续追踪的焦点, 使得时间转换增大的条件下, 也不会对信息的整合产生影响; 而对时间距离的表征不仅起到了提高速度的作用, 而且也没有产生时间距离的远近效应。(2)同样是在顺序语篇中, 无目标和目标达成条件下, 随着时间转换的增大, 则出现了时间转换的大小效应, 也出现了时间距离的远近效应。(3)在回溯事件的建构中, 读者把回溯事件表征为时间距离的背景信息, 目标促进了信息的整合。 相似文献
178.
The present field study investigates how an individual’s interpersonal conflict resolution behavior is affected by the individual’s personality (assessed by the Big 5) and a situational factor (the other party’s conflict behavior), as well as how the two factors interact. A hierarchical regression analysis based on 256 student–roommate/friend dyads shows that both factors are important. Extraversion and Agreeableness were significantly related to most conflict strategies used by students. The results show that interactions between the parties in conflict situations are strongly governed by the norm of reciprocity. Finally, we found some empirical support for the interaction effect between personality and situation, suggesting that an individual’s conflict behavior is more complex than what the dispositional or the situational view may suggest. 相似文献
179.
Numerous studies have examined attachment-style differences in social perception, emotion-regulation, and couple communication, but relatively little is known about how dispositional attachment style combines or interacts with relationship situations or contexts to influence the decisions people make about how to act in their relationships. In the present study, participants were presented twice with relationship scenarios and asked to indicate how they would respond to each one. They completed the task initially without a particular context in mind and then again with either a positive or a negative relationship context in mind. Results indicated that a deteriorating relationship context caused participants to choose less secure and more insecure behaviors, especially avoidant ones, but dispositional attachment style was still important as well. Both sets of factors produced main effects rather than interactions. 相似文献
180.