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Jennifer R. Ledford Cary Trump Kate T. Chazin Sienna A. Windsor Paige Bennett Eyler Kara Wunderlich 《Behavioral Interventions》2023,38(1):198-218
Interruption and redirection (IR) procedures involve systematically disrupting an undesirable behavior and prompting an individual to engage in an alternative behavior. These procedures have been frequently assessed for reducing repetitive behaviors for autistic individuals. The primary purpose of this review was to assess IR interventions to determine whether outcomes vary according to intervention characteristics, dependent variable types, design quality, or publication status. A secondary purpose was to assess the extent to which generalization and maintenance outcomes were measured and whether characteristics of these conditions were related to outcomes. IR interventions were moderately successful for reducing repetitive behaviors but less effective for improving corollary variables such as appropriate vocalizations and functional engagement. Generalization and maintenance outcomes, when measured, were poor. Results indicate the need for alternative or augmentative procedures that focus on engagement in meaningful interactions and activities. 相似文献
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An exploratory study of the values of inner-city postpartum women was conducted. Subjects were largely single, with many on/or going on public assistance. Each subject was given the Rokeach Value Scale and asked to prioritize the terminal values (goals) in terms of herself and the instrumental values (means) in terms of what she would like to teach her child. Rankings were compared to corresponding rankings compiled by a national sample, considered a more traditional era, and by marital status within the postpartum mother sample itself. Economic values were ranked higher by inner-city mothers than by the national sample. The top terminal value was family security and the top instrumental value was responsible. When compared by marital status, the only significant difference was the higher ranking of mature love given by married women. Results suggests that the values of the inner-city single postpartum mother can be conceptualized as a mosaic incorporating values shared with the mainstream and values adapted to the conditions of poverty. 相似文献
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In a laboratory simulation, a single-subject design was used to examine the effects of two types of social influence on children's eyewitness testimony, which has not been the subject of systematic behavioral analyses. This study replicates and extends findings from group-comparison studies, and shows that a topic of pressing social importance is amenable to analysis at the individual level, and therefore, potentially, to a behavioral analysis. 相似文献
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K. Michelle Hunnicutt Hollenbaugh A. Stephen Lenz 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2018,96(3):233-242
This study implemented a multiple‐phase, contrast, single‐case research design to examine the effectiveness of the 4 core dialectical behavior therapy skills group modules in reducing emotion dysregulation. Three participants completed four 6‐week skills modules over 9 months. Examination of calculated estimates of treatment effect indicated that 2 out of the 3 participants experienced meaningful changes in their degree of emotion dysregulation over the course of treatment. Implications for counseling practice are discussed. 相似文献
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Tara A. Fahmie Brian A. Iwata Sarah C. Mead 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2016,49(4):915-926
Although decades of research on functional analysis methodology have identified common contingencies that maintain problem behavior and effective interventions, relatively little research has been conducted on strategies to prevent the initial development of problem behavior. We conducted a 2‐part case study, the purposes of which were to illustrate the use of sensitivity tests as the bases for intervention (Study 1) and subsequently to assess the efficacy of a prevention strategy using a single‐subject design (Study 2). Results showed that the sensitivity tests identified establishing operations that may set the occasion for the development of problem behavior and that interventions based on differential reinforcement prevented increases in the severity of problem behavior relative to untreated and control baselines. Benefits and limitations to this individualized approach to prevention are discussed. 相似文献
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抑郁的遗传与环境交互作用(G×E)机制已成为富有挑战性的前沿课题之一。然而,既有G×E研究大多关注遗传基因与不利环境的交互作用,相对忽视了积极环境的影响。本研究以1025名青少年为被试,运用问卷法与 DNA分型技术,采用间隔3年的追踪设计(T1小学六年级—T2初中三年级),考察 MAOA基因rs6323多态性与母亲支持性教养对青少年抑郁的交互作用以及性别在其中的调节作用,并同时采用新兴的探索性与验证性方法检验G×E交互作用的素质–压力假说与不同易感性假说。结果显示, MAOA基因rs6323多态性与母亲支持性教养行为交互作用于女青少年的抑郁,母亲支持性教养显著负向预测 GG 基因型女青少年的抑郁,但对 TT基因型女青少年抑郁的预测作用并不显著,该交互作用符合不同易感性假说。MAOA基因 rs6323多态性与母亲支持性教养对男青少年的抑郁无显著交互作用。本研究发现推进了抑郁遗传机制的研究,并为不同易感性假说提供新的研究证据。 相似文献
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