MOSA method: a tool for solving multiobjective combinatorial optimization problems

The success of modern heuristics (Simulated Annealing (S.A.), Tabu Search, Genetic Algorithms, …) in solving classical combinatorial optimization problems has drawn the attention of the research community in multicriteria methods. In fact, for large‐scale problems, the simultaneous difficulties of 𝒩𝒫‐hard complexity and of multiobjective framework make most Multiobjective Combinatorial Optimization (MOCO) problems intractable for exact methods. This paper develops the so‐called MOSA (Multiobjective Simulated Annealing) method to approximate the set of efficient solutions of a MOCO problem. Different options for the implementation are illustrated and extensive experiments prove the efficiency of the approach. Its results are compared to exact methods on bi‐objective knapsack problems. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

儿童和青少年的空间—时间隐喻图式

研究考察儿童和青少年是否具有“左-右”空间-时间隐喻图式。以泉州市惠安县4所学校小学三年级、小学六年级、初中三年级和高中三年级共100名学生为被试,完成时态-按键匹配任务。结果发现,各年级被试均对“左-过去,右-将来”的按键匹配比对“左-将来,右-过去”的按键匹配反应更快,准确率更高,表明自小学三年级起,儿童和青少年在时间隐喻图式上表现出和成人一致的模式,未发现年龄发展效应。该发现支持隐喻结构观。     

中国空间隐喻研究现状与发展趋势——基于CiteSpace的知识图谱分析

通过CiteSpace对空间隐喻研究文献进行可视化分析发现,中国对于空间隐喻的研究始于1999年,经历了起步探索期、爆发期,现进入平稳深化期; 学科分布以语言学为主,文学与心理学为辅; 多数研究者更倾向单次独立研究而缺少持续与合作研究,仅构成一个作者群,另外也有一些小合作团队,只局限于两人合作,合作力量较弱; 各机构之间合作缺乏; 研究热点集中于空间隐喻、隐喻、认知、意象图式、空间、映射汉语、隐喻拓展等,近年来转向了概念隐喻、道德、道德概念、垂直空间隐喻和具身认知,且具身认知持续至今; 空间隐喻研究主要围绕空间隐喻、认知语言学、意向图式、方位词、映射、隐喻、认知和具身认知这八个主题开展。由此可知,未来的研究中可扩展学科范围、加强各作者和各单位之间的合作、探索其他研究热点。     

映射具体性和语境线索对新颖隐喻加工的影响

研究旨在考察映射具体性对新颖隐喻加工的影响及语境线索的作用,并进一步探索映射具体性高的隐喻加工困难的原因。实验1的ERPs结果发现：知觉隐喻反应时显著长于物理-心理隐喻和直接语义;两类隐喻在有语境线索下的反应时显著长于无语境线索。有语境线索的知觉隐喻比无语境线索在前部位置诱发了更负的N400成分,在中部诱发了更正的LPC成分;有语境线索的物理-心理隐喻在前部、顶部比无语境线索诱发了更正LPC成分。实验2的语义判断任务结果发现：在映射具体性不同的两类隐喻中,多映射通路隐喻的反应时均显著长于单一映射通路隐喻。总体结果支持语境线索对新颖隐喻加工的干扰效应。     

感知运动经验在心理时间线形成中的作用—来自盲生的证据

本研究考察视觉和读写习惯有关的感知运动经验是如何影响心理时间形成的。实验1和实验2分别采用一天内和一生中的词语或短句,以小学三年级的普生和盲生为被试,结果发现不论是短的还是长的时间,普生对早的刺激按左键,晚的刺激按右键反应更快,而盲生未出现早左晚右的心理时间线。实验3和实验4分别以短时间和长时间范围的时间词为材料,以初一盲生和普生为被试,结果发现普生和盲生都是对过去的时间按左键,未来的时间按右键反应快;而且在长的时间范围内,盲生的反应时长于普生。结果表明视觉是心理时间线的基础,阅读经验在盲生心理时间线的形成中起着关键作用。     

The Functional Role of Cognitive Frameworks on Visuomotor Adaptation Performance

The authors investigated the effects of cognitive representations of movement directions on sensorimotor adaptation performance. Adaptation performance was measured via a pointing experiment in which participants were provided with visual feedback that was distorted along the midsagittal plane (i.e., left-right reversal). Performance was analyzed relative to participants’ individual adaptation gains and 3 groups were subsequently defined (i.e., skilled, average, and poor adapters). The group separation was kept for the Cognitive Measurement of Represented Directions, which was used to analyze participants’ cognitive representation of movement directions. The results showed that skilled adapters, in contrast to poor adapters, possess a global representation of movement directions aligned to the cardinal axes. The cognitive representation structure hence supports the sensorimotor adaptation performance.     

The Performance of Environmental Science in Research Teams

Scientists' practices rely not only on the discursive production of science but also on routine interactions whereby scientists manage their teams and their publics. The metaphor of the theatre helps explain how researchers perform impressions to different audiences. This metaphor can also help analyse how scientists and researchers cooperate in performance teams in order to manage credibility impressions. How are research teams constructed and maintained? How do team members respond to the challenges of coordinating the team and elaborating a common vision given their differences in aims and understandings? From 2005 to 2007 a scientific team worked together in the city of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, to develop land remediation measures for coal waste disposal sites. The team was organised around a common front developed through ongoing negotiation and bargaining. Scientists employed different strategies to maintain the team through the development of the project, such as reciprocity, unanimity and bargaining. To accommodate individual views, the common front emphasised the presentation of results and the process of research over its specific content and impact.     

《周易》对探索潜意识启示

隐喻是一种语言现象,也是一种认知方式。《周易》是一套复杂的隐喻认知系统,“象”与“理”都是认识事物的思维方式。潜意识通过心理表征以隐喻的方式呈现,精神分析师借助隐喻方法来分析潜意识。将潜意识的呈现形式(如梦、口误等)理解为某种“象”,把“象”作为表征潜意识的符号与工具,通过“观象、取象、辨象、立象、尽意”这个认知过程,实现对“理”(潜意识)的理解。通过“象思维”来探索潜意识对中国人来说具有文化上亲和性,克服精神分析中的“无结构性”与“语言的限制”。     

多频稳态诱发电位在伪聋鉴别诊断中的应用

探讨多频稳态诱发电位在伪聋鉴别诊断中的作用。门诊就诊的外伤后主诉单耳听力损伤者41例及正常听力者20例（40耳）,对两组患者分剐进行纯音听阈测试和多频稳态诱发电位测试,对测试结果进行比较。纯音听阈测试结果两组比较有统计学差异（P〈0．01）,多频稳态诱发电位测试结果两组比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,提示患者为伪聋。...